GB/T 5881-2024 苎麻理化性能试验方法

ICS

59.060.10

CCS

W30

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T5881—2024

代替GB/T5881～5889—1986

苎麻理化性能试验方法

Testmethodsforphysicalandchemicalpropertiesoframiefiber

2024-07-24发布2025-02-01实施

国家市场监督管理总局发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T5881—2024

目次

前言

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Ⅴ

1

范围

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2

规范性引用文件

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1

3

术语和定义

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1

4

取样

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4.1

批样

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4.2

实验室样品

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4.3

试验样品

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5

回潮率和含水率

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5.1

原理

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5.2

仪器和用具

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5.3

试验步骤

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5.4

结果计算与表示

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5.5

试验报告

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6

白度

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6.1

原理

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6.2

仪器和用具

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6.3

试验步骤

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5

6.4

结果计算与表示

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6.5

试验报告

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6

7

长度

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7.1

预调湿和试验用标准大气

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7.2

仪器和用具

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7.3

试验步骤

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7.4

结果计算与表示

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7.5

试验报告

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8

线密度

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8.1

原理

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8.2

试验条件

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8.3

仪器和用具

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8.4

试验步骤

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8.5

结果计算与表示

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8.6

试验报告

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9

单纤维断裂强度、单纤维断裂伸长率

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Ⅰ

GB/T5881—2024

9.1

原理

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9.2

试验条件

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9.3

仪器和用具

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9.4

试验步骤

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9.5

结果计算与表示

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9.6

试验报告

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13

10

束纤维断裂强度

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10.1

原理

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10.2

试验条件

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10.3

仪器和用具

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10.4

试验步骤

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10.5

结果计算与表示

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10.6

试验报告

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11

化学成分定量分析

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11.1

原理

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11.2

试剂

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11.3

仪器设备

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11.4

试验步骤

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11.5

结果计算与表示

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11.6

试验报告

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12

灰分含量

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12.1

原理

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12.2

仪器设备

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12.3

试验步骤

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12.4

结果计算与表示

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12.5

试验报告

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13

纤维素聚合度

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13.1

原理

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13.2

试剂或材料

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13.3

仪器设备

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13.4

试验步骤

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13.5

结果计算与表示

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13.6

试验报告

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14

原麻含胶率

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14.1

原理

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14.2

试剂

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14.3

仪器设备

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Ⅱ

GB/T5881—2024

14.4

试验步骤

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14.5

结果计算与表示

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14.6

试验报告

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15

精干麻残胶率

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15.1

原理

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15.2

试剂

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15.3

仪器设备

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15.4

试验步骤

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15.5

结果计算与表示

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15.6

试验报告

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附录A（规范性）

测定苎麻纤维素聚合度用ηr与[η]•C换算表

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25

参考文献

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Ⅲ

GB/T5881—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T5881—1986《苎麻理化性能试验取样方法》、GB/T5882—1986《苎麻束纤维断裂强

度试验方法》、GB/T5883—1986《苎麻回潮率、含水率试验方法》、GB/T5884—1986《苎麻纤维支数试

验方法》、GB/T5885—1986《苎麻纤维白度试验方法》、GB/T5886—1986《苎麻单纤维断裂强度试验方

法》、GB/T5887—1986《苎麻纤维长度试验方法》、GB/T5888—1986《苎麻纤维素聚合度测定方法》、

GB/T5889—1986《苎麻化学成分定量分析方法》，与GB/T5881—1986、GB/T5882—1986、

GB/T5883—1986、GB/T5884—1986、GB/T5885—1986、GB/T5886—1986、GB/T5887—1986、

GB/T5888—1986、GB/T5889—1986相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）更改了范围（见第1章）；

b）增加了术语和定义（见第3章）；

c）更改了苎麻原麻、精干麻、苎麻球、开松麻、落麻的取样方法、取样数量的规定，细化了取样

步骤（见第4章，1986年版GB/T5881的第2章、第3章、第4章、第5章）；

d）更改了回潮率和含水率试验中样品达到恒重条件的测试方法，增加了样品的烘燥时间、数值修

约（见第5章，1986年版GB/T5883的第5章）；

e）更改了白度试验样品制备的方法、试验次数、样品质量；增加了白度变异系数计算公式（见第

6章，1986年版GB/T5885的第5章、第6章）；

f）更改了长度试验的仪器设备及参数、测试方法及计算公式、结果计算与表示（见第7章，1986年

版GB/T5887的第4章、第5章、第6章）；

g）更改了线密度试验的测试方法及计算公式（见第8章，1986年版GB/T5884的第5章、第6章）；

h）更改了单纤维断裂强度试验的仪器设备及参数、测试方法及计算公式、结果计算与表示（见第

9章，1986年版GB/T5886的第4章、第5章、第6章）；

i）更改了束纤维断裂强度试验的仪器设备及参数、测试方法及计算公式、结果计算与表示（见第

10章，1986年版GB/T5882的第4章、第5章、第6章）；

j）更改了化学成分定量分析方法试验的仪器设备及参数、测试方法及计算公式、结果计算与表示

（见第11章，1986年版GB/T5889的第4章、第5章）；

k）更改了纤维聚合度试验的仪器设备及参数、测试方法及计算公式、结果计算与表示（见第

13章，1986年版GB/T5888的第4章、第5章、第6章）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国纤维标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC513）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南省纤维检测研究院、四川省纤维检验局、东华大学、中国纤维质量监测中

心、四川梓潼林江苎麻纺织有限责任公司、湖北省纤维检验局咸宁分局、常德市纤维质量监测中心、

湖南华升股份有限公司、湖南工程学院、黑龙江省科学院大庆分院。

本文件主要起草人：胡小蓉、孙近、李娴、徐贵勇、甘丹、舒桂芳、曹巧丽、张祚、赵瑞方、

张斌、杜龙、熊海鹰、郁崇文、刘芳、陈玲玲、唐文峰、陈雯、刘思婕、高书景、周衡书、余丹瑶、

吴大红、孙宇峰、肖湘。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

Ⅴ

GB/T5881—2024

—1986年首次发布为GB/T5881—1986、GB/T5882—1986、GB/T5883—1986、GB/T5884—1986、

GB/T5885—1986、GB/T5886—1986、GB/T5887—1986、GB/T5888—1986、

GB/T5889—1986。

—本次为第一次修订。

Ⅵ

GB/T5881—2024

苎麻理化性能试验方法

警示─使用本文件的人员应有正规实验室工作的实践经验。本文件并未指出所有可能的安全问题。

使用者有责任采取适当的安全和健康措施，并保证符合国家有关法规规定的条件。

1范围

本文件描述了苎麻纤维取样方法及苎麻纤维回潮率和含水率、白度、长度、线密度、单纤维断裂强

度、单纤维断裂伸长率、束纤维断裂强度、化学成分定量分析、灰分、纤维素聚合度、原麻含胶率、精

干麻残胶率等理化性能的试验方法。

本文件适用于苎麻原麻、苎麻精干麻、开松麻、苎麻麻球、苎麻落麻等苎麻纤维理化性能的测试。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用

于本文件。

GB/T1548—2016纸浆铜乙二胺（CED）溶液中特性粘度值的测定

GB/T3291.1—1997纺织纺织材料性能和试验术语第1部分：纤维和纱线

GB/T5707—2018纺织品麻纺织产品术语

GB/T6529纺织品调湿和试验用标准大气

GB/T6682分析实验室用水规格和试验方法

GB/T8170数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定

GB/T20793-2015苎麻精干麻

JJG512白度计检定规程

3术语和定义

GB/T5707—2018、GB/T3291.1—1997、GB/T1548—2016界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

短绒flork

长度在15mm及以下的苎麻纤维。

4取样

4.1批样

4.1.1原麻

抽样数量按每一交货批（同品种、同等级、同一加工工艺为一批）包数确定。100包及以下随机抽

取不少于5包；超过100包，每增加50包增加抽样1包。

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GB/T5881—2024

4.1.2精干麻、苎麻球、开松麻、落麻

抽样数量按每一交货批（同品种、同等级、同一加工工艺为一批）包数确定，按表1规定随机抽取

批样。

表1批样的取样数量

每批麻包数量抽取批样的麻包数量

包包

≤21

3～52

6～103

11～254

26～3505

＞3506

4.2实验室样品

4.2.1原麻、精干麻

采用开包多点方法均匀抽取苎麻作为实验室样品，每包取样不少于3把麻束，将实验室样品在平台

板上拉开铺平，把各麻束按纵向分为两部分，丢弃一半，保留一半，如此反复分留。原麻总质量不少于

2.0kg，精干麻总质量不少于3.0kg。

4.2.2苎麻球

从不同包内随机抽取4个麻球，首先从球内抽取麻条，扯除麻条头端纤维约0.5m后分别抽取麻条

6m～7m，组成实验室样品。

4.2.3开松麻、落麻

采用开包多点法从确定的样包内均匀抽取苎麻纤维，每包内的取样点不少于3处，每包中抽取的纤

维质量根据抽样包数计算，抽取样品总质量（2.0±0.2）kg，将抽取的样品混合均匀，作为实验室

样品。

4.2.4回潮率取样

采用开包多点方法均匀地抽取3个试样，现场称量或者立即装入密闭容器中。原麻、精干麻抽取

3个（50.00±2.00）g的样品；麻球、开松麻及落麻抽取3个（25.00±1.00）g的样品。

4.3试验样品

4.3.1原麻

将实验室样品在平台板上拉开铺平，把各麻束纵向分为两部分，丢弃一半，保留一半，如此反复分

留，直至各麻束保留部分合并总质量为100.0g～150.0g。该麻束用于测定化学成分定量分析、含胶率

等指标。

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GB/T5881—2024

4.3.2精干麻

将实验室样品在平台板上拉开铺平，随机抽取总质量为150.0g～200.0g。该麻样用于测定残胶

率、白度、纤维素聚合度、强度、线密度等指标。

4.3.3麻球

从实验室样品中任意抽取来自不同麻球的9段麻条作为试样，将每段麻条纵向分为两个部分，丢弃

一半，保留一半，用镊子拣出其中的硬条、杂质等，如此反复分留，直至各麻束保留部分合并总质量为

100.0g～150.0g。该麻样用于测定线密度、强度、长度等指标。

4.3.4开松麻、落麻

将充分混合后的实验室样品平铺在工作台上，用多点法从正、反两面随机抽取纤维，正反两面各

20个点，用镊子拣出其中的硬条、杂质。采用四分法直至各麻束保留部分合并总质量为100.0g～

150.0g。该麻样用于测定线密度、强度、长度等指标。

4.3.5试样数量和样品量

各试验项目样品数量和样品量按表2规定。

表2试样数量和样品量

试验项目苎麻类型样品数量/份每份样品量

原麻、精干麻3（50.00±2.00）g

回潮率、含水率

麻球、开松麻、落麻3（25.00±1.00）g

精干麻2（0.60±0.05）g

白度

麻球、开松麻、落麻2（0.60±0.05）g

麻球、开松麻3（1.00±0.05）g

长度

切断开松麻、落麻3（50±5）mg

精干麻1（300.0±10）mg

线密度

麻球、开松麻、落麻1（100±5）mg

单纤维断裂强度、单纤维断裂伸精干麻1（300±10）mg

长率麻球、开松麻、落麻1（100±5）mg

精干麻1（300±10）mg

束纤维断裂强度

麻球、开松麻、落麻1（100±5）mg

、、、、

化学成分定量分析原麻精干麻麻球开松麻落麻4（5.00±0.0１）g

灰分含量原麻、精干麻、麻球、开松麻、落麻3（1.00±0.0１）g

含胶率原麻3（5.00±0.0１）g

残胶率精干麻、麻球、开松麻、落麻3（5.00±0.0１）g

纤维素聚合度精干麻、麻球、开松麻、落麻1（5.00±0.0１）g

注：剩余样品留作备样，当置信区间超过时，用于再试验。

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5回潮率和含水率

5.1原理

试样在烘箱中暴露于流动的加热至规定温度的空气中，直至达到恒重。烘燥过程中的全部质量损失

都作为水分，并以回潮率或含水率表示。

5.2仪器和用具

5.2.1烘箱：附装有天平，能进行箱内称重，配备关断气流装置，自动控温在（105±2）℃的通风式

烘箱。

5.2.2箱内热称重容器：金属烘篮(桶)或浅盘。

5.2.3烘箱联装天平：分度值为0.01g。

5.2.4天平：分度值为0.01g。

5.2.5密闭容器：密封、不吸湿的盛放样品的容器。

5.3试验步骤

平行做3份试验。按表2规定，原麻、精干麻称取（50.00±2.00）g，麻球、开松麻、落麻称取

（25.00±1.00）g。将试样放入烘箱内热称重容器内，并逐个对号挂入烘箱内挂篮钩上，关闭箱门并开

启烘箱电源。当烘箱温度升至（105±2）℃时开始记录始烘时间。到烘燥时间后，关断烘箱气流，进行

第一次箱内称重。续烘20min后，再按上述方法进行第二次称重，直至先后两次质量差不超过后一次质

量的0.1%时，视为达到恒重，达到恒重后质量视为烘干质量。每次称重时间不超过1

min，每次称重做

好时间和质量记录，质量精确至0.01g。

注：精干麻、麻球、开松麻、落麻和原麻（低湿）的烘燥时间约为80min，原麻（高湿）的烘燥时间约为100min。

5.4结果计算与表示

5.4.1回潮率

回潮率按式（1）计算：

m−m

R=0×100…