GB 40559-2024 电动平衡车、滑板车用锂离子电池和电池组 安全技术规范

ICS29.220.99

CCSK82

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB40559—2024

代替GB/T40559—2021

电动平衡车、滑板车用锂离子电池和

电池组安全技术规范

Lithiumioncellsandbatteriesusedinelectricself-balancingvehiclesand

scooters—Safetytechnicalspecification

2024⁃07⁃24发布2025⁃08⁃21实施

国家市场监督管理总局

发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB40559—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4试验条件·················································································································6

4.1试验的适用性·····································································································6

4.2试验的环境条件··································································································6

4.3参数测量公差·····································································································6

4.4温度测量方法·····································································································6

4.5测试用充放电程序·······························································································7

4.6单一故障条件·····································································································7

4.7型式试验···········································································································7

5一般安全要求·········································································································10

5.1一般安全性的考虑······························································································10

5.2安全工作参数····································································································10

5.3标识和警示说明·································································································10

6电池电安全试验······································································································11

6.1高温外部短路····································································································11

6.2过充电·············································································································12

6.3强制放电··········································································································12

7电池环境安全试验···································································································12

7.1低气压·············································································································12

7.2温度循环··········································································································13

7.3振动················································································································13

7.4加速度冲击·······································································································14

7.5跌落················································································································14

7.6重物冲击/挤压··································································································14

7.7热滥用·············································································································15

7.8针刺················································································································16

8电池组系统环境安全试验··························································································16

8.1低气压·············································································································16

8.2温度循环··········································································································16

8.3振动················································································································16

Ⅰ

GB40559—2024

8.4加速度冲击·······································································································17

8.5跌落················································································································17

8.6应力消除··········································································································17

8.7浸水················································································································17

8.8阻燃要求··········································································································18

8.9热扩散·············································································································18

9电池组系统功能电安全试验·······················································································19

9.1电池组管理系统基本要求·····················································································19

9.2过压充电··········································································································20

9.3单节电池过压控制······························································································20

9.4欠压放电··········································································································20

9.5过流充电··········································································································20

9.6过流放电··········································································································21

9.7外部短路··········································································································21

9.8充电温度保护····································································································21

9.9放电温度保护····································································································21

9.10反向充电保护··································································································21

10安全关键元器件·····································································································22

10.1基本要求········································································································22

10.2元器件的评定和试验·························································································22

11高压电池组安全要求·······························································································22

附录A（规范性）试验顺序···························································································23

附录B（规范性）测试设备和测量仪器············································································24

附录C（规范性）导线阻燃性试验方法············································································25

参考文献····················································································································26

Ⅱ

GB40559—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T40559—2021《平衡车用锂离子电池和电池组安全要求》，与GB/T40559—

2021相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

a）更改了术语“锂离子电池”“额定能量”“过压充电保护电压”“放电终止电压”“欠压放电保护电

压”（见3.1、3.10、3.15、3.17、3.18，2021年版的3.1、3.8、3.12、3.14、3.15）；

b）增加了术语“电池并联块”“电动滑板车”“参考试验电流”“1级电能量源”“热失控”“热扩散”

（见3.5、3.7、3.11、3.12、3.34、3.35）；

c）删除了术语“安全特低电压电路”“例行试验”（见2021年版的3.9、3.32）；

d）更改了试验条件“试验的环境条件”“参数测量公差”“测试用充电程序”“型式试验概述”“样品

的要求”“样品的预处理”“样品容量测试”“试验项目”［见4.2b）、4.3、4.5.1、4.7.1、4.7.2、4.7.3、

4.7.4、4.7.6，2021年版的4.2b）、4.3、4.5.1、4.6.1、4.6.2、4.6.3、4.6.5、4.6.6］；增加了试验条件

“单一故障条件”（见4.6）；

e）更改了“一般安全性的考虑”“标识要求”“耐久性”（见5.1、5.3.1、5.3.3，2021年版的5.1、

5.3.1、5.3.3）；

f）更改了“高温外部短路”“过充电”“反向充电”（见6.1、6.2、6.3，2021年版的6.1、6.2、6.3）；

g）更改了“跌落”“重物冲击/挤压”（见7.5、7.6，2021年版的7.5、7.6）；增加了“针刺”（见7.8）；删

除了“燃烧喷射”（见2021年版的7.8）；

h）更改了“低气压”“温度循环”“振动”“加速度冲击”“跌落”“浸水”“阻燃”“放电温度保护”（见

8.1、8.2、8.3、8.4、8.5、8.7、8.8、9.9，2021年版的8.1、8.2、8.3、8.4、8.5、8.7、8.9、8.10）；增加了“热

扩散”（见8.9）；删除了“盐雾”（见2021年版的8.8）；

i）更改了“电池组管理系统基本要求”“过压充电”“欠压放电”“过流充电”“过流放电”“外部短

路”“反向充电”（见9.1、9.2、9.4、9.5、9.6、9.7、9.10，2021年版的9.1、9.2、9.4、9.5、9.6、9.7、

9.8）；增加了“充电温度保护”（见9.8）；

j）更改了“高压电池组安全要求”（见第11章，2021年版的第11章）；

k）更改了“电池组系统安全型式试验顺序”（见A.2，2021版的A.2）

l）删除了“燃烧喷射试验工装”（见2021年版的B.2）；

m）更改了“导线阻燃性试验方法”（见附录B，2021年版的附录C）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国工业和信息化部提出并归口。

本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为：

——2021年首次发布为GB/T40559—2021；

——本次为第一次修订。

Ⅲ

GB40559—2024

电动平衡车、滑板车用锂离子电池和

电池组安全技术规范

1范围

本文件规定了电动平衡车、电动滑板车用锂离子电池和电池组的安全要求，描述了相应的试验

方法。

本文件适用于电动平衡车、电动滑板车及类似产品用锂离子电池和电池组。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T2423.5环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Ea和导则：冲击

GB/T2423.10环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Fc：振动（正弦）

GB/T2423.21电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验M：低气压

GB/T2423.22环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验N：温度变化

GB4943.1—2022音视频、信息技术和通信技术设备第1部分：安全要求

GB/T5169.5—2020电工电子产品着火危险试验第5部分：试验火焰针焰试验方法装置、

确认试验方法和导则

GB/T17626.2电磁兼容试验和测量技术静电放电抗扰度试验

SJ/T11685—2017平衡车用锂离子电池和电池组规范

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

锂离子电池lithiumioncell

依靠锂离子在正极和负极之间移动实现化学能与电能相互转化的装置，并被设计成可充电。

注1：以下简称电池。

注2：该装置通常包括电极、隔膜、电解质、容器和端子等。

3.2

锂离子电池组lithiumionbattery

由一个或多个电池连接的能量存储装置，可能包括给系统提供信息（电池电压等）的保护和监控

装置。

注1：以下简称电池组。

注2：可能包含由终端或其他互联装置提供的保护罩。

[来源：IEC62619：2022，3.10，有修改]

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