GB/T 44257.1-2024 电动土方机械用动力电池 第1部分：安全要求

ICS53.100

CCSP97

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44257.1—2024

电动土方机械用动力电池

第1部分：安全要求

Tractionbatteryofelectricearth⁃movingmachinery—

Part1：Safetyrequirements

2024⁃07⁃24发布2024⁃07⁃24实施

国家市场监督管理总局

发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T44257.1—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4符号和缩略语···········································································································2

5安全要求·················································································································2

6试验条件·················································································································3

7试验准备·················································································································4

8试验方法·················································································································5

附录A（规范性）热扩散试验·························································································18

附录B（资料性）电池包或电池系统的典型结构·································································23

附录C（规范性）电池包或电池系统绝缘电阻测试方法························································25

参考文献····················································································································27

图1一个温度循环试验示意图························································································7

图2设备电池包或电池系统随机振动测试曲线···································································8

图3机械冲击脉冲容差范围示意图··················································································9

图4模拟碰撞脉冲容差范围示意图················································································10

图5挤压板形式一示意图····························································································11

图6挤压板形式二示意图····························································································11

图7温湿度循环········································································································12

图8外部火烧示意图··································································································13

图9耐火隔板的尺寸和技术数据···················································································14

图10温度冲击试验示意图···························································································14

图11盐雾试验循环····································································································15

图A.1内部加热触发电池单体顶盖的出线孔位置示意图·····················································20

图A.2加热装置布置及其连接导线引出示意图·································································21

图A.3针刺触发时温度传感器的布置位置示意图······························································21

图A.4外部加热触发时温度传感器的布置位置示意图························································21

图A.5内部加热触发时温度传感器的布置位置示意图························································21

图B.1电池包典型结构································································································23

图B.2含集成电池控制单元的电池系统典型结构·······························································24

Ⅰ

GB/T44257.1—2024

图B.3外置集成电池控制单元的电池系统典型结构····························································24

图C.1绝缘电阻测量步骤1··························································································25

图C.2绝缘电阻测量步骤2··························································································26

表1温度循环试验的一个循环温度和时间·········································································6

表2电池包或电池系统的振动测试条件············································································7

表3机械冲击测试参数·································································································8

表4机械冲击脉冲容差范围···························································································9

表5模拟碰撞脉冲容差范围·························································································10

表A.1热扩散分析与验证报告详细内容··········································································18

表A.2加热装置功率选择····························································································19

表A.3加热片规格说明及使用指南················································································20

Ⅱ

GB/T44257.1—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件是GB/T44257《电动土方机械用动力电池》的第1部分。GB/T44257已经发布了以下

部分：

——第1部分：安全要求；

——第2部分：电性能要求。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国土方机械标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC334）归口。

本文件起草单位：宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司、江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司、广西柳

工机械股份有限公司、陕西同力重工新能源智能科技有限公司、博雷顿科技股份公司、亿恩新动力科技

（山东）有限公司、天津工程机械研究院有限公司、厦门厦工机械股份有限公司、上海启源芯动力科技有

限公司、江苏远航锦锂新能源科技有限公司、内蒙古北方重型汽车股份有限公司、临沂临工新能源科技

有限公司、惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司、中铁十四局集团装备有限公司、湖南湘电绿能智控有限公司、

微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司、海斯特美科斯叉车（浙江）有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：吴凯、肖鹏辉、赵明、黄向荣、张悦、刘延刚、陈宝庆、王俊燕、罗浩亮、黄昆杰、

李来平、薛伟、徐宇虹、李东升、孙卫阳、肖宁强、周德峰、蒋于伟、陈世龙、王金路。

Ⅲ

GB/T44257.1—2024

引言

GB/T44257《电动土方机械用动力电池》是指导我国电动土方机械用动力电池安全可靠性的基础

性和通用性标准。GB/T44257旨在确立适用于土方机械用动力电池产品相关的通用性安全要求以及

电性能要求，拟由两个部分构成。

——第1部分：安全要求。目的在于确立适用于电动土方机械行业用动力锂离子电池的安全

要求。

——第2部分：电性能要求。目的在于确立适用于电动土方机械用动力锂离子电池的电性能

要求。

第1部分和第2部分配合使用，以便更好地满足电动土方机械行业使用要求。

Ⅳ

GB/T44257.1—2024

电动土方机械用动力电池

第1部分：安全要求

1范围

本文件规定了电动土方机械用动力电池单体、电池包或电池系统的安全要求，描述了相关试验

方法。

本文件适用于电动土方机械用动力锂离子电池的制造，其他类型动力电池的制造参照执行。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T2423.4电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Db：交变湿热（12h+12h

循环）

GB/T2423.17电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Ka：盐雾

GB/T2423.43电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法振动、冲击和类似动力学试验样

品的安装

GB/T2423.56环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Fh：宽带随机振动和导则

GB/T4208—2017外壳防护等级（IP代码）

GB/T28046.4—2011道路车辆电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验第4部分：气候负荷

GB38031电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求

GB/T44254电动土方机械术语

3术语和定义

GB38031、GB/T44254界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

电动土方机械electricearth⁃movingmachinery；EEMM

运行能量全部或部分由电能提供的土方机械。

注1：运行能量指土方机械作业所需要的能量，包括能量输入、能量输出以及中间的能量转换过程。

注2：电能来源于机载可充电储能系统、燃料电池、发电机装置、外接线网或其他外部储能装置等。

[来源：GB/T44254—2024，3.1.1]

3.2

电池单体batterycell

将化学能与电能进行相互转换的基本单元装置。

注：通常包括电极、隔膜、电解液、外壳和端子，并被设计成可充电。也称作电芯。

[来源：GB/T44254—2024，3.2.1.3.1]

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