DB43/T 2842-2023 生物降解塑料及其制品可降解成分快速检测方法

ICS91.120.25

CCSP15

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2842—2023

生物降解塑料及其制品

可降解成分快速检测方法

RapidTestingMethodsforDegradableIngredients

inBiodegradablePlasticMaterialsandProducts

2023-11-09发布2024-02-09实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2842—2023

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

引言························································································································Ⅴ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4方法原理···············································································································1

5密度·····················································································································2

5.1非泡沫塑料类产品·····························································································2

5.2泡沫塑料类产品································································································2

6灰分·····················································································································3

6.1仪器···············································································································3

6.2操作步骤·········································································································4

6.3试验次数·········································································································4

6.4结果表示·········································································································5

7红外光谱（FT-IR）法······························································································5

7.1试剂···············································································································5

7.2仪器设备·········································································································5

7.3分析步骤·········································································································5

8差示扫描量热（DSC）法···························································································6

8.1仪器设备·········································································································6

8.2试样···············································································································7

8.3试验条件和试样的状态调节·················································································7

8.4校准···············································································································7

8.5操作步骤·········································································································8

8.6结果表示·······································································································10

9结果判别·············································································································10

附录A（资料性）各种标准样品的转变或特征温度及转变焓·············································12

附录B（资料性）试样制备说明·················································································14

I

DB43/T2842—2023

II

DB43/T2842—2023

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省发展和改革委员会提出。

本文件由湖南省循环经济标准化技术委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南山水检测有限公司、湖南航天天麓新材料检测有限责任公司、湖南聚仁化工

新材料科技有限公司、湖南省升阳新材料有限公司、长沙铭凯纸制品有限公司、湖南利华新材料有限公

司、湖南绿斯达生物科技有限公司、湖南省循环经济研究会、北京石油化工学院、湖南省塑料研究所有

限公司、湖南金悦降解塑料制品有限公司、湖南科天新材料有限公司、长沙市再生资源回收利用协会、

湖南荣宸塑业有限公司、湖南省绿色生态职业技能培训中心。

本文件主要起草人：王永祥、何欣远、宋祺、王函宇、周儆、杨占红、陆晓中、冯建湘、沈友良、

陶志豪、王哲旋、龙洁、曾梅容、张子为、郑化甫、刘跃军、石璞、李丹、黄朝广、谭金、李杜、廖剑

波、刘雯静、黄奕、林志武。

III

DB43/T2842—2023

IV

DB43/T2842—2023

引言

国家发展改革委员会和生态环境部印发《关于进一步加强塑料污染治理的意见》以来，对塑料产业

的“绿色化”发展，降解塑料的开发、生产、推广应用起到了积极作用。目前，各种国家标准或国际标

准，降解塑料的可降解性能检测都存在周期长、时效低、费用高的问题，一次检测周期常常至少需要半

年。这对于新产品的型式检验而言是必不可少的。但对已经型式检验的成熟产品而言，将严重影响产品

的正常生产及销售，也不利于产品质量的稳定性检验、质量抽检或质量监督。

为进一步加快我省生物降解纸塑复合材料及其制品等降解塑料的开发、生产、推广应用，提高行业

监管水平，保障塑料产品使用，加强塑料污染治理，有必要制定生物降解塑料及其制品可降解成分快速

检测方法，提升质量检测的时效，为降解塑料制品的生产企业、政府监管提供必要的技术支撑。

本文件提供的基于密度、灰分、红外光谱和差示扫描量热法（DSC）等测试方法均为判断生物降解

塑料或生物降解塑料制品同类同质的定性分析方法，可用于判别测试对象与已经认证的产品是否为同类

同质产品，从而快速判别被测试对象与已经认证的产品是否具备相同的生物降解特性。

本文件提供的方法不能用于定量分析生物降解塑料或生物降解塑料制品的组成成分及其含量，也不

能用于直接判定生物降解塑料或生物降解塑料制品的生物降解性能。如需对生物降解塑料或制品的成分

及含量或生物降解性能进行测定，应选用其它适用的组分分析或生物降解性能的检测方法或检测标准。

V

DB43/T2842—2023

VI

DB43/T2842—2023

生物降解塑料及其制品可降解成分快速检测方法

1范围

本文件规定了生物降解塑料及其制品中可降解成分的快速检测方法原理、密度、灰分、红外光谱、

差示扫描量热（DSC）等检测方法。

本文件适用于已经按照其他国家标准或其他标准方法认定的、具有生物降解特性的可降解成分的一

致性鉴别，不适用于直接判定生物降解塑料及其制品中可降解成分的生物降解特性。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

GB/T32163.2—2015生态设计产品评价规范第2部分：可降解塑料

3术语和定义

3.1

非泡沫塑料类产品Nonfoamplasticproducts

通过注塑、挤出等工艺将塑料材料加工成各种形状的塑料类产品。

3.2

泡沫塑料类产品Foamplasticproducts

由固体的塑料颗粒在高压和高温的环境下膨胀而成的塑料类产品。

3.3

可降解成分Degradablecomponents

指生物降解塑料中能够按生物降解塑料或生物降解塑料进行定义（见GB/T32163.2—2015生态

设计产品评价规范第2部分：可降解塑料》）且能够发生生物降解的组成成分，如相关制品中的PLA、

PBAT等成分。

4方法原理

4.1根据产品的同质同性原理（即组成成分与含量一致的产品其性能也应该是一致的），可通过判定材

料或制品组成的一致性，间接判定其性能的一致性。

4.2密度及灰分是测定高分子材料组成一致性的最常见方法。组成成分一致的产品，其密度及灰分是

一致的；密度及灰分不一致的产品，可判定其组成成分有差异。

4.3红外光谱（FT-IR）法是从分子水平鉴定有机化合物（包括聚合物）官能团及化学键结构的常用方

法。红外光谱一致的产品，其组成成分才可能一致；组成成分不一致的产品，其红外光谱也会有所差异。

4.4每一种聚合物均具有各自的热力学特征参数（如熔融峰温、结晶峰温、热焓等），差示扫描量热（DSC）

1

DB43/T2842—2023

法是测定聚合物多种热力学特征参数的常用方法。热力学特征参数一致的产品，其组成成分才可能一致；

组成成分不一致的产品，其热力学特征参数也会有所差异。

5密度

5.1非泡沫塑料类产品

5.1.1仪器

5.1.1.1天平：精确到0.1mg。

5.1.1.2固定支架：如容器支架，可将浸渍容器支放在水平面板上。

5.1.1.3比重瓶：带侧臂式溢流毛细管，当浸渍液不是水时，用来测定浸渍液的密度。比重瓶应配备

分度值为0.1℃，范围为0℃～30℃的温度计。

5.1.1.4恒温水浴锅：在测定浸渍液的密度时，可以恒温±0.5℃范围内。

5.1.1.5干燥器：与真空体系相连。

5.1.2浸渍液

去离子水。

5.1.3测试步骤

5.1.3.1称量干燥过的空比重瓶，在比重瓶中装上适量的试样，并称重。用浸渍液浸过试样并将比重

瓶放在干燥器中，抽真空将其中的空气赶出。中止抽真空，然后将比重瓶装满浸渍液，将其放入（23

±0.5）℃恒温液浴中恒温，然后将浸渍液准确充满至比重瓶容量所能容纳的极限处。

将比重瓶擦干，称量盛有试样和浸渍液的比重瓶。

5.1.3.2将比重瓶倒空清洁后烘干，装入煮沸过的去离子水，再用上述方法排除空气，在测试温度下

称量比重瓶和内容物的质量。

5.1.3.3试样在23℃时的密度按式（1）计算：

m´0.1

p=s··········································································（1）

s´mm

21

式中：

3

ps——23℃时试样的密度，单位为克每立方厘米（g/cm）；

ms——试样的表观质量，单位为克（g）；

m1——充满空比重瓶所需液体的表观质量，单位为克（g）；

m2——充满容有试样的比重瓶所需液体的表观质量，单位为克（g）。

0.1——去离子水的密度，单位为克每立方厘米（g/cm3）。

5.1.3.4每个样品至少应测三个试样，计算三次测试的平均值，结果保留到小数点后第三位。

5.2泡沫塑料类产品

5.2.1仪器

5.2.1.1天平：精确到0.1mg。

5.2.1.2测微计：测量面积约为10cm3，测量压力为（100±10）Pa，读数精度为0.05mm。

5.2.1.3千分尺；测量面最小直径为