GB/T 17737.1-2000 射频电缆 第1部分：总规范——总则、定义、要求和试验方法

ICS33120.10

L26

中华人民共和国国家标准

BGr/'17737.1-2000

idtIEC61196-1:1995

射频电缆

第1部分:总规范—

总则、定义、要求和试验方法

Radio-frequencycables

Part1:Genericspecification-General，

definitions，requirementsandtestmethods

2000一12门1发布2001一06一01实1

国家质M技术监督局发布

Gs/T177371-2000

目次

前言···············”········································，.·····················································……1

IEC前言······················……N

1范围·········································································································……1

2引用标准····················。····················································································，··…1

3定义············································································································……2

3.1国际电工词汇(IEV)定义·································，··············································……2

3.2其他定义···················价···········································································……2

4质量保证·5

5材料和电缆结构··························································································.·.……5

5.1总则··········。································································································……5

5.2外观检查····································································································……5

5.3尺寸测量···························。。··································。。··································……5

5.4电缆结构················”···················································································……5

5.5内导体··················································································”·················……5

5.6介质····“····································································································……6

5.7外导体或屏蔽层····················································。···········。···························……6

5.8护套························································。········。········································……6

5.9恺装·。··········································。···········。·················································……7

6标准额定值和特性································································。·········。·················……8

7标识和标志·····································································································……8

7.1电缆标识····································································································……8

7.2标签··························································。。·······················。························……8

8试验方法索引···························。·······································································……9

9材料和电缆结构:试验······················，······························································……10

9.1椭圆度········································。······························································……10

9.2介质偏心度·································，，························································。。·····……n

9.3镀银层···。······················”··································。·····································，’·…n

9.4金属断裂后的抗拉强度和伸长率·····································································……11

9.5金属断裂时的抗拉强度和伸长率·································。··································..·.……n

9.6铜包金属的扭转试验················································。···········。····················.··.·.……12

10机械和热特性································································································……12

10.1介质和护套的附着力····································。········。······································……12

10.2弯曲·························································。··············································……14

10.3低温弯曲性能·····························································································……14

10.4抗拉强度(纵向拉伸)···················································································……15

标准分享网免费下载

Gs/T177371-2000

10.5抗压性能···························································。··。·································，……15

10.6介质的耐热流动性·········································································、·············……15

10.7耐热冲击···································································································……16

10.8热性能(仅适用于半硬电缆)·······························································……“。二‘’二’二16

10.9尺寸稳定性····.···························································································一·16

10.10耐磨性·····································································································。·…17

11电气特性.·18

11.1导体电阻···········································”··。··················································……18

11.2绝缘电阻····················································································。···········。··…18

11.3电容·······································································。。································……19

11.4电容稳定性·································……·‘·································。····················……20

11.5介质耐电压····················································································。·········……20

11.6护套耐电压·······························································································……21

11.7介质的局部放电······························································……““二’·····……二‘二‘“’21

11.8特性阻抗······························。····················。··············································……21

11.9相对传播速度(速比)·····························。··。······································。············……23

11.10电气长度和相位延迟····················，’··········，’···················……23

11.11相位常数稳定性·················。············································。····················。······……26

11.12回波损耗(阻抗均匀性).··。·············································································……29

11.13衰减常数················································································。··················……32

11.14衰减稳定性·········。······················································································……36

11.15传输畸变·········。·························································································……36

11.16脉冲回波损耗··············。···············································。·······························一·37

11.17阶跃函数回波损耗39

11.18采用快速傅利叶变换((FFT)频域测量脉冲/阶跃回波损耗·····················。··············……39

11.19额定功率··································“································、······························……39

12屏蔽效率································································································。·····……48

12.1表面转移阻抗:线注人法(频域》·······································································……48

12.2表面转移阻抗:三同轴法···········································。················……·‘········……“二‘57

12.3容性藕合导纳:电容法····················································，，一·二‘’二’二’·····……二‘“·二‘59

12.4屏蔽衰减:吸收钳法····“·····················································。·························。·……62

12.5电缆颤噪声电荷电平(机械感应噪声)·，·····························································……68

12.6屏蔽衰减测量达到和超过3GHz的屏蔽衰减“，的试验方法···············。··············……71

13交货和储存···················································。···············································……76

14柔软射频电缆表面转移阻抗和屏蔽衰减极限值指南················································……76

14.1总则，’，’···························，·············.，···································‘·················……76

14.2电缆类别···································································································。一·77

14.3最大表面转移阻抗ZT极限值的推导·······························································……77

14.4最小屏蔽衰减极限值的推导。···········································。······························……78

I

GB/T17737.1-2000

前言

本标准等同采用IEC61196-1:1995《射频电缆第1部分:总规范—总则、定义、要求和试验方

法》及其修定1(1999-08),

IEC61196-1中公式(25),(68)等有误，本标准予以修正。

在GB/T17737《射频电缆))，总标题下，包括若干部分:

GB/T17737.1((第1部分:总规范总则、定义、要求和试验方法》GdtIEC61196-1:1995)(即本标

准);

GB/T17737.2《第2部分:聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)绝缘半硬射频同轴电缆分规范}))(idtIEC61196-2:

1995);

GB/T17737.3((第3部分:局域网用同轴电缆分规范))(idtIEC61196-3:1998)(正在制定中);

GB/T17737.4《第4部分:辐射电缆规范》(idtIEC61196-4:1995)(将制定)。

本标准作为《射频电缆》的第1部分，是射频电缆的一个通用标准，它规定了射频电缆的总则、定义、

要求和试验方法等，包括了IEC96-1:1988《射频电缆第一部分:一般要求和测试方法》和IEC61196-

1-1:1994《射频电缆第1部分:总规范—第一篇:定义和要求》的所有内容，并在此基础上增加了大

量的新试验方法。

我国已参照IEC60096-1:1988或其前版制定了GB/T12269-1990《射频电缆总规范》、

GB/T4098.1-4098.10-1983《射频电缆试验方法》,GB/T12792-1991《射频电缆阻抗均匀性测量方

法》和GB/T9023-1988《射频同轴电缆屏蔽效率测量方法(转移阻抗法)》。等同IEC61196-1-1:1994

《射频电缆第1部分:总规范—第一篇:定义和要求》制定了GB/T17737.1-1999《射频电缆第1

部分:总规范第一篇:定义和要求》。因此，理论上，本标准制定后，可代替上述所有国家标准。但由于

本标准中有许多新方法在我国还有一段消化、吸收的过程，真正执行还需要一段时间，特别是本标准还

有一些部分，如质量保证等还有待完善，为此本标准的还不能完全代替GB/T12269-1990,需与

GB/T12269-1990并行一段时间，待条件成熟后，本标准将自然代替GB/T12269-1990,

本标准的制定可代替上述其他国家标准，即GB/T4098.1^4098.10--1983,GB/T12792-1991,

GB/T9023-1988,GB/T17737.1-1999,

本标准由中华人民共和国信息产业部提出。

本标准由全国电子设备用高频电缆及连接器标准化技术委员会归口。

本标准起草单位:信息产业部电子工业标准化研究所。

本标准主要起草人:吴正平、王锐臻、汪祥兴、高文浩、张国菊。

标准分享网免费下载

cB/T17737.1-2000

IEC前言

1)IEC(国际电工委员会)是由各国家电工委员会(IEC国家委员会)组成的世界范围性标准化组

织。IEC的目的是促进在电工电子领域标准化问题的国际合作。为此目的，除其他活动外，IEC发布了国

际标准。国际标准的制定由技术委员会承担，对所涉及内容关切的任何IEC国家委员会均可参加国际

标准的制定工作。与IEC相联系的任何国际、政府和非官方组织也可以参加国际标准的制定。IEC与国

际标准化组织((ISO)根据两组织间协商确定的条件保持密切的合作关系。

2)IEC在技术问题上的正式决议或协议，是由对这些问题特别关切的国家委员会参加的技术委员

会制定的，对所涉及的问题尽可能地代表了国际上的一致意见。

3)这些决议或协议，以推荐标准的形式供国际上使用，并在此意义上为各国家委员会所认可。

4)为了促进国际上的统一，IEC希望各国家委员会在本国条件许可的情况下，采用IEC标准文本

为其国家标准。IEC标准与相应国家标准之间的差异，应尽可能在国家标准中指明。

5)IEC未制定使用认可标志的任何程序，当宜称某一产品符合相应的IEC标准时，IEC概不负责。

国际标准IEC61196-1由IEC第46技术委员会(通信设备和信号用电缆、电线、波导、连接器和附

件)的第46A分技术委员会(同轴电缆)制定。

本规范文本以下列文件为依据

对国际标准

国际标准草案表决报告表决报告

草案的修改

46A(CO)11946A(C0)13246A(C0)14046A(CO)143

46A(CO)13946A(CO)146

46A(CO)15946A(CO)168

表决批准本规范的详细资料可在上表列出的表决报告中查阅。

中华人民共和国国家标准

射频电缆

GB/T177371-2000

第1部分:总规范—idtIEC61196-1:1995

代替GB/T17737.1-1999

总则、定义、要求和试验方法GB/T4098.1--4098.10-1983

GB/T12792-1991

GB/T9023-1988

Radio-frequencycables

PartGenericspecification-

General,definitions,requirementsandtestmethods

范围

本规范适用于射频电缆。它规定了射频同轴电缆和屏蔽对称电缆的定义和要求，也规定了射频同轴

电缆和对称电缆引用的试验方法。当有争议需指定某一方法作为基准方法时，应在相应电缆规范中指

出。

2引用标准

下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均

为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。

GB/T2951.1-1997电缆绝缘和护套材料通用试验方法第1部分:通用试验方法第1节:厚

度和外形尺寸的测量—机械性能试验(idtIEC60811-1-1:1993)

GB/T2951.2-1997电缆绝缘和护套材料通用试验方法第1部分:通用试验方法第2节:热

老化试验方法(idtIEC60811-1-2:1985)

GB/T2951.6-1997电缆绝缘和护套材料通用试验方法第3部分:聚氯乙烯混合料专用试验

方法第1节:高温压力试验—抗开裂试验(idtIEC60811-3-1:1985)

GB/T2951.7-1997电缆绝缘和护套材料通用试验方法第3部分:聚氯乙烯混合料专用试验

方法第2节:失重试验—热稳定性试验((idtIEC60811-3-2:1985)

GB/T2951.8-1997电缆绝缘和护套材料通用试验方法第4部分:聚乙烯和聚丙烯混合料专

用试验方法第1节:耐环境应力开裂试验—空气热老化后的卷绕试验

—熔体指数测量方法—聚乙烯中碳黑和/或矿物质填料含量的测量方

法(idtIEC60811-4-1:1985)

GB/T17650.1-1998取自电缆或光缆的材料燃烧时释出气体的试验方法第1部分:卤酸气体

总量的测定(idtIEC60754-1:1994)

IEC60028:1925铜电阻国际标准

IEC60050国际电工词汇(IEV)

IEC60068-1:1988环境试验—第1部分:总则和指南

IEC60068-2-1:199。环境试验—第2部分:各种试验—试验A寒冷

IEC60068-2-2:1974环境试验—第2部分:各种试验—试验B干热

IEC60068-2-14:1984环境试验—第2部分:各种试验—试验N温度变化

国家质f技术监督局2000一12一11批准2001一06一01实施

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Gs/T177371-2000

IEC60068-2-20:1979环境试验—第2部分:各种试验—试验T锡焊

IEC60096-1:1986射频电缆—第1部分:一般要求和测量方法

更改单2(1993)

IEC60304:1982低频电缆和电线绝缘的标准颜色

IEC60332-1:1993电缆燃烧试验第1部分:单根绝缘电线或电缆的垂直燃烧试验

IEC60332-2:1989电缆燃烧试验第2部分:单根铜芯绝缘细电线或电缆的垂直燃烧试验

IEC60332-3:1992电缆燃烧试验第3部分:成束电线或电缆的燃烧试验

IEC60468:1974金属材料电阻率测量方法

IEC60673:1980低频小型设备用实芯或纹合导体氟化物绝缘单芯导线

IEC60753:1982聚烯烃绝缘通信电缆用铝导线

ISO6892:1984金属材料—拉力试验

CISPR11:199。工业、科学和医用((ISM)射频设备电磁干扰特性的限制和测量方法

ITU-T:1984电缆测量方法纲要

定义

本规范采用下列定义

3.1国际电工词汇(IEV)定义

本规范采用IEC60050相应章节的定义术语。

3.2其他定义

除IEC6005。中给出的定义外，下列定义也适用。

3.2.1空气绝缘电缆air-spacedcables

除了以规则的间距放置在内导体上的绝缘垫片或螺旋形地固定在内导体上的带和(或)绳外，其他

介质全部为空气的电缆。这种绝缘类型的特点是在绝缘垫片之间从内导体到外导体(或屏蔽层)可以不

通过固体介质层。

3.2.2衰减畸变attenuationdistortion

射频电缆的衰减畸变是在给定的频率范围内其衰减频率曲线与一根均匀电缆的均匀响应曲线之间

的畸变。

3.2.3编织公式braidingformulae

编织公式中所使用的变量如表1所示。

表1编织公式中的变量

变量一说明}

编织线直径或编织带厚度

Ddm编织层的平均直径，即介质外径+2.25d

编织节距

N每锭中导线根数

W对于带子编织，W为带子宽度

对于圆线编织，W为NXd

n锭子总数

3.1编织角(R)braidangle(召)

编织角a是指电缆纵轴与编织线所绕的螺旋线切线间的夹角。

(7D

R一arctan-贡里二

3.2编织系数(KL)layfactor(K,)

编织系数是指编织线的螺旋长度与编织电缆长度之比

cs/T177371-2000

/_DmI

人L=}/I十n0。二带=下

V石一cusp

2.3.3填充系数(q)fillingfactor(q)

填充系数的定义为:

n.W/_Dm

q=不二一气~^了1十}c0.万万

乙兀.」产mv」J

也可表示为:

nW

q“2Lsing

3.2-3.4编织密度(K)coveragefactor(K)

编织密度与填充系数的关系为:

K。二2q一qz

3.2.4容性藕合阻抗capacitivecouplingimpedance

正在考虑中。

3.2.5偏心度eccentrcity

偏心度是指电缆截面上绝缘厚度的变化量，定义为某一直径上两绝缘厚度的最大差值与该直径的

百分比口

3.2.6群延迟畸变group-delaydistortion

群延迟定义为给定频率范围内相位/频率曲线的导数，如果相位特性呈线性，则群延迟为常数。

群延迟畸变定义为群延迟/频率曲线与电气均匀电缆的群延迟(它与频率无关)的畸变。

3.2.7局部不均匀性localirregularities

局部不均匀性定义为:连接在一起的电缆两端阻抗之差，它们可能会由于接点处的缺陷或者电缆局

部损坏点而增大。

3.2.8阻抗均匀性的测量measurementoftheregularityofimpedance

阻抗均匀性对用四端法(包括频域法和时域法)直接测量传输特性有影响。

用频域法测量时，传输畸变应按11.15的规定进行测量。

用时域法测量时，正向回波(forwardecho)可按ITU-T电缆测量方法纲要((1984)中所规定的方法

进行测量。

阻抗均匀性对用两端法(包括频域法或时域法)间接测量传输特性有影响。

用频域测量时，反射损耗应按11.12的规定测量。

用时域测量时，脉冲反射损耗应按11.16的规定测量。

3.2.9标称穿透电容normalizedbreakthroughcapacitance

正在考虑中。

3.2-10椭圆度ovality

绝缘或电缆横截面的椭圆度定义为两正交直径的最大差值与该两直径平均值的百分比。

3.2-11周期不均匀性periodicirregularities

周期不均匀性是由制造或电缆结构偏差造成的电缆等距离物理变形所引起的。即使这种不均匀性

很小，也会在离散频率点影响传输性能或在数字信号检测中显著地增大输人噪声。

3.2-12相位畸变phasedistortion

相位畸变定义为对于给定的频率范围内相位/频率特性曲线相对于电气均匀一致电缆的相位/频率

特性曲线的偏差。

3.2-13额定功率powerrating

电缆的额定功率定义为在任何规定频率和环境温度下能连续工作而既不超过最高允许的工作电压

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cs/T17737.1-2000

也不超过内导体的最高允许温度时的输人功率。在这些条件下，电缆应端接与其特性阻抗一致的负载。

3.2.14随机不均匀性randomirregularities

阻抗的随机不均匀性没有再现的特点。在按常规制造的电缆中，这些不均匀性具有明显的统计特

点。此不均匀性影响传输的宽频特性。

3.2.15阻抗均匀性regularityofimpedance

局部特性阻抗的不均匀性可能会严重影响传输特性。此不均匀性通常分为三种类型:

—随机不均匀性

—周期不均匀性

—局部不均匀性

3.2.16屏蔽衰减screeningattenuation

正在考虑中。

3.2.17屏蔽效率screeningeffectiveness

正在考虑中。

3.2.18半空气绝缘电缆semi-airspacedcables

一种介质为泡沫聚合物或绝缘管把导体固定在其中心的塑料空气结构的电缆。

此种绝缘类型的特点是从内导体到外导体(或屏蔽层)至少通过一层固体介质。

3.2-19实心绝缘电缆soliddielectriccables

内导体和外导体(或屏蔽)之间的空间全部由实芯介质填充的电缆。介质可以是均一的，也可以是组

合的。后者由两种或两种以上不同性质的材料同心粘合而成。

3.2-20试验程序testingprocedures

型式试验typetest

产品的型式试验是在一定数量的代表某类产品的试样上进行的一系列完整试验。其目的是确定制

造厂生产的产品是否满足规范要求。

3.2-20.2型式批准typeapproval

型式批准是由合适的受权机构(采购方自己或其委托单位)确定某制造厂生产适当数量的满足规范

要求的某类产品的能力。

3.2-20.3推荐的验收试验recommendedacceptancetests

验收试验是根据采购方与制造厂之间的协议为确定产品能否交货所进行的试验。

推荐的验收试验是:

a)样本大小;

b)试验的选取;

c)试样应满足从规范中所选取试验的要求的程度。

注:有争议时，IEC标准试验方法应用作验收试验

3.2-20.4制造厂试验factorytests

制造厂试验是制造厂为证明其产品是否符合规范要求所进行的试验。

3.2-20.5中位值medianvalue

当得到一些试验结果并已按升序或降序排列，如果获得值的数目为奇数，则中位值是中间的那个

值。如果获得的数目为偶数，则中位值是中间两个数值的平均值。

3.2.21转移导纳transferadmittance

正在考虑中。

3.2.22转移阻抗transferimpedance

转移阻抗定义为沿电缆屏蔽层测得的电压与电缆内导体通过的电流之比，或反之。

3.2.23传输畸变transmissiondistortion

GB/T177371-2000

传输畸变是由于随机和周期不均匀性造成射频电缆特性阻抗的不均匀所引起的。主要是由于制造

或电缆结构的变化引起电缆等距离的小物理变形因而引起周期不连续性造成的。其结果造成在基频和

与周期不连续性的间距相应的谐振点传输信号损失。

传输畸变可用时域法或频域法测量。用时域法测量时，传输畸变通过ITU-T电缆测量方法纲要

(1984)中所述的回波测量确定的。用频域法测量时，传输畸变是按照衰减畸变、相位畸变及群延迟畸变

测量的。

3.2-24速比(相对传播速度)velocityratio(relativepropagationvelocity)

速比定义为在规定的试验频率下电缆的传播速度与自由空间中的速度之比。

4质f保证

正在考虑中。

5材料和电缆结构

5.1总则

除非另有规定，所有的物理测量均应在IEC60068-1:1988第5章规定的试验的标准大气条件下进

行。

5.2外观检查

应进行外观检查以确保在电缆上没有可见的缺陷。进行检查时应用正常视力或校正视力，而不能用

放大镜。

5.3尺寸测量

厚度和直径的测量应按照GB/T2951.1-2000第8章的规定进行。

5.4电缆结构

电缆结构应符合5.5-5.9以及相应电缆规范的规定。

5.5内导体

5.5.1导体材料

导体应由质量一致的、没有缺陷的软铜线制成。铜的特性应符合IEC60028的规定。

导体也可以是铜包钢线。铜层应连续并应粘附在钢导体上，截面应是圆形的，使得对于30%和40%

的标称导电率等级的铜包钢线，其最大电阻分别不超过IEC60028规定的铜导体规定值的3.5倍和

2.8倍。当按9.5规定的方法试验时，其断裂伸长率应不小于1%。对于40%和30%标称等级的铜包钢

线，其最小抗拉强度应分别为760N/mm，和880N/mm',

导体也可以是铜包铝线。铜层应连续并应粘附在铝导体上，其截面应是圆形的，其最大电阻不超过

IEC60028规定的铜导体规定值的1.8倍。当按9.4规定的方法进行拉伸试验时，伸长率应不小于

10%.

导体也可以由符合IEC60753规定的铝线制成。

5.5.2导体表层

导体表层应符合相应电缆规范的规定。导体可以是裸的、镀锡或有银覆盖层。

5.5-2.1镀锡层

镀锡层应按IEC60673:1980中3.1.3的规定试验。

5.5-2.2银覆盖层厚度

正在考虑中。

5.5.3内导体

内导体的结构和材料应在相应电缆规范中规定。

当内导体是单线或管状结构时，在最后拉制后应无接头。

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GB/T177371-2000

纹合铜线内导体的单线接头应采用冷压焊、非酸性焊剂铜焊或银焊，焊后单线直径应不增大，并无

凸起。

每一单线接头与任何其他单线接头之间的距离应不小于。.3m,

除了无机绝缘电缆外，从成品电缆上取下的铜单线或铜管样品应无明显的变色，如果导体是镀锡

的，其上应无焊剂和清洗物。

5.5.4可焊性

易焊导体的可焊性应按IEC60068-2-20:1979中4.6规定的焊槽法进行检查。应使用非活性助焊

剂。

5.6介质

各电缆要求的介质类型应在相应电缆规范中规定。介质外径、椭圆度和偏心度应在相应规范中给

出。

当要求时，介质材料的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率应按GB/T2951.1的规定试验。热老化应按

GB/T2951.2的规定进行试验。

5-6.1偏心度

介质的偏心度应通过测量缆芯的横截面来确定。

测量应按9.2规定的试验方法进行。

偏心度的最大值应符合电缆规范的规定。

5.6.2椭圆度

椭圆度应通过测量缆芯横截面来确定。

应按9.1规定的方法确定。

椭圆度应不超过相应电缆规范的规定值。

5-7外导体或屏蔽层

外导体或屏蔽层的结构和材料应在相应电缆规范中规定。

外导体或屏蔽层可以是下述型式之一或是它们的任意组合。

a)裸的或镀涂的导线或带子编织层。编织线或编织带的接点应是焊接、拧接或编成的，不允许编织

层整体接续。编织层应均匀，编织角及填充系数应在相应电缆规范中规定。

b)裸的或镀涂的导线或带子在缆芯上绕成一连续而封闭的屏蔽，其上可有、亦可没有金属扎线。

c)一种适合的导电材料管。

d)一层纵包金属层或金属化膜，其重叠率约为2000^'2500,

e)上述各项的组合，外加损耗型传导层或磁性中间层。

f)两层金属化带或薄膜的组合，其间有一层与金属层相接触的铜线或镀锡铜线。两层金属化带或

薄膜纵向或绕包在同轴电缆的介质上。

5-7.1中间护套/中间层

当在外导体和屏蔽层之间需要有中间层时，中间护套应由塑料制成。

中间护套的结构应在相应电缆规范中规定。

如果采用聚乙烯，它应是低密度或中密度的。适用时，应满足GB/T2951.1,GB/T2951.2及

GB/T2951.8的要求。

如果采用其他材料，其要求应在相应电缆规范中规定。

中间护套应无针眼、裂纹、气泡和其他缺陷，其表面应均匀。

5-7.2半导电层

正在考虑中

5.8护套

除非相应电缆规范另有规定，电缆的外护套应由塑料制成。

GB/T17737.1-2000

当采用聚乙烯或聚丙烯时，应按GB/T2951.8的规定进行试验。除非另有规定，当允许采用着色聚

乙烯或聚丙烯作护套材料时，其碳黑含量应为2.5%士0.5%.

当采用聚氯乙烯时，应按GB/T2951.6和GB/T2951.7的规定进行试验，允许选用一层中间层作