GB/T 44478-2024 国际贸易术语运输条款运用指南

ICS

03.100.20

CCS

A10

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44478—2024

国际贸易术语运输条款运用指南

Guidelinesfortheapplicationoftransportation

clausesininternationaltradeterms

2024-09-29发布2025-01-01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T44478—2024

目次

前言

Ⅲ

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引言

Ⅳ

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1

范围

1

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2

规范性引用文件

1

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3

术语和定义

1

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4

总体原则

2

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5

国际贸易术语规则缩写代码及简要释义

2

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6

贸易术语规则运用

2

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6.1

通则

2

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6.2

版本选择

3

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6.3

贸易术语规则的选择

3

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6.4

贸易术语规则不处理事项

3

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6.5

用户解释说明

4

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6.6

交货地点、风险和费用

4

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6.7

承运人

5

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6.8

运输方式

5

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6.9

安全

5

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6.10

电子单据

5

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6.11

术语变形条款

6

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7

装运条款的运用

7

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7.1

概述

7

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7.2

装运时间

7

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7.3

装运港（地）、目的港（地）和交货地

7

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7.4

分批装运

8

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7.5

转运

8

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7.6

通知

8

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7.7

装卸条款

9

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8

运输单证

9

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9

货物交付

9

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附录A（资料性）

国际贸易术语规则缩写代码及简要释义

10

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A.1

国际贸易术语规则分类

10

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A.2

缩写代码及简要释义

10

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附录B（资料性）

《国际贸易术语解释通则2010》缩写代码

12

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参考文献

13

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Ⅰ

GB/T44478—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国商务部提出。

本文件由全国国际货运代理标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC489）归口。

本文件起草单位：深圳市坤鑫国际货运代理有限公司、广州元鑫国际控股有限公司、浙江义境通电

子商务有限公司、厦门登涵国际船舶管理有限公司、武汉市金点子国际货运代理有限公司、重庆电子工

程职业学院、嘉兴市大地物流有限公司、北京九星时代科技股份有限公司、上海新景程国际物流有限公

司、上海飞力达国际物流有限公司、新疆德鲁亚国际物流有限公司、中国航空工业供销西北有限公司、

上海海事大学、北京交通大学、新疆农业大学机械交通学院、图木舒克市海纳进出口有限公司、和田恒

扬对外贸易有限公司、伊犁通瑞达运输有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：金旭峰、林忠、尤申、王学锋、葛炬、纪寿文、向国伦、姚树红、陈峥、

苏艺、戢茂、余惠珠、郭降朱、林晓炜、别家昕、曹建峰、陈铭、张文辉、杨希江、侯慧敏、钟晶。

Ⅲ

GB/T44478—2024

引言

在国际贸易中，要顺利实现商品自卖方至买方的转移，离不开货物运输、货物保险等环节的配合。

因此，买卖双方除了订立贸易合同之外，还需订立其他合同以保证贸易合同的实现。其中，运输合同是

以贸易合同为中心，通过与运输有关的三大主要条款，即货物的贸易术语、装运条款以及支付条款对运

输的要求，以保障贸易合同实现为目的而订立的派生合同。因此，国际货物贸易合同与货物运输合同是

彼此相互独立的合同，但又相互关联，密不可分。

国际商会于1936年首次推出《国际贸易术语解释通则》，详细规定了每个国际贸易术语贸易双方的

风险、责任和费用的划分，在进出口业务中得到广泛应用。这一国际贸易惯例的普遍应用提高了双方谈

判的效率，降低了谈判难度，在后续合同履行的过程中也有效减少双方的分歧。为了适应国际贸易的不

断变化和发展，国际商会每十年做一次修订，其最新版本为《国际贸易术语解释通则2020》（2020年

1月1日正式生效）。

目前，在国际运输中，运用最广泛的仍然是海洋运输方式。贸易双方根据价格术语、装运条款等安

排国际海上货物运输。承运人和托运人形成运输合同关系。贸易合同中的买方通过受让提单，成为运输

合同中的收货人。处理好运输合同中承运人、托运人、收货人三方的关系，使贸易合同与运输合同对各

方权利义务的规定既不重叠，也不遗漏，对贸易的正常运行有着至关重要的作用。

Ⅳ

GB/T44478—2024

国际贸易术语运输条款运用指南

1范围

本文件确立了与国际贸易术语运输条款运用相关的总体原则，给出了国际贸易术语规则缩写代码及

简要释义、贸易术语规则运用、装运条款的运用、运输单证、货物交付方面的建议和指导。

本文件适用于国际贸易与物流从业人员对与国际贸易术语运输条款运用相关业务的处理与管理，亦

可作为行业管理的参考。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用

于本文件。

GB/T28831国际货运单证缮制规范

GB/T28832国际货运单证缮制质量要求

GB/T31084国际货运代理运输单证交接规范

GB/T31085国际货运代理单证签发规范

GB/T33895租船合同装卸时间定义

GB/T38708国际贸易货物交付与货款支付的风险控制与防范

《国际贸易术语解释通则2020》（Internationalrulesfortheinterpretationoftradeterms2020，

INCOTERMS2020）

《跟单信用证统一惯例》（Uniformcustomsandpracticefordocumentarycredits）（国际商会）

3术语和定义

《国际贸易术语解释通则2020》界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

国际贸易术语internationaltradeterms

在国际贸易实践中，用来表示成交价格的构成和交货条件，确定买卖双方风险、责任、费用划分

等，并用英文缩写（三个大写字母）表示的一种专门用语。

3.2

运输条款transportationcluses

装运条款

shipmentterms

国际贸易合同的主要交易条件，买卖双方关于国际货物运输的方式、费用、责任分摊、装卸要求等

方面的约定。

注：装运条款的订立与合同性质、运输方式有着密切的关系。装运条款包括装运时间、装运地和目的地、分批装运

和转运。在航次租船运输的情况下，还包括装运通知、滞期、速遣以及装运单据等内容。

3.3

交货时间timeofdelivery

卖方按照贸易合同规定，将贸易合同货物交付给买方或者承运人的期限。

注：交货时间是贸易合同中约束卖方和买方的主要交易条件，可以具体指定日期、时间范围或特定事件发生后的一

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