DB43/T 3066-2024 既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计标准

ICS93.040

CCSP28

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T3066—2024

既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计标准

Designstandardforperformanceevaluationandimprovement

ofexistingbridgesundervesselcollisions

2024-08-30发布2024-11-30实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T3066—2024

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范围······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件·······································································································1

3术语和定义·············································································································1

3.1桥梁···············································································································1

3.2桥梁防船撞······································································································1

4基本规定················································································································3

4.1一般规定·········································································································3

4.2设计目标及性能要求··························································································3

4.3船撞作用基本要求·····························································································4

4.4作用组合·········································································································5

4.5评估方法与流程································································································5

5调查观测················································································································6

5.1通航调查·········································································································6

5.2桥梁调查·········································································································8

6船撞作用················································································································8

6.1一般规定·········································································································8

6.2设防代表船舶···································································································8

6.3碰撞情形········································································································11

6.4撞击速度········································································································11

6.5船撞荷载········································································································11

7船撞分析与性能评估································································································12

7.1一般规定········································································································12

7.2船撞分析········································································································12

7.3性能评估········································································································12

8防船撞性能提升设计及措施·······················································································15

8.1一般规定········································································································15

8.2基本原则与设计程序·························································································15

8.3碰撞预警措施··································································································15

8.4结构性防船撞措施····························································································16

附录A（规范性）桥址通航观测基本要求·······································································17

A.1一般原则········································································································17

A.2通航观测周期、测点、测试内容·········································································17

A.3通航观测数据分析····························································································17

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DB43/T3066—2024

附录B（资料性）船桥碰撞概率计算方法·······································································18

B.1简单航道········································································································18

B.2复杂航道········································································································19

附录C（资料性）船撞时程荷载法················································································23

C.1时程荷载模型··································································································23

C.2桥梁结构模型··································································································27

附录D（资料性）基于宏观单元的相互作用模型法···························································28

D.1船舶模型········································································································28

D.2桥梁结构模型··································································································33

附录E（规范性）基于接触-碰撞有限元的桥梁船撞建模与分析原则·····································34

E.1典型碰撞情形··································································································34

E.2复杂碰撞情形··································································································35

附录F（规范性）防船撞装置的冲击模型试验··································································41

F.1试样··············································································································41

F.2试验环境········································································································41

F.3试验设备········································································································41

F.4试验方法········································································································41

F.5试验结果········································································································41

附录G（规范性）防船撞装置性能评价的数值分析方法·····················································42

G.1模型建立········································································································42

G.2材料模型········································································································42

G.3边界条件········································································································42

G.4数值模拟过程··································································································42

G.5结果分析········································································································43

参考文献····················································································································44

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DB43/T3066—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定

起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省交通运输厅提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司、湖南大学、中国电建集团中南勘测设计研

究院有限公司、湖南省高速公路集团有限公司、中国建筑第五工程局有限公司、长沙职业技术学院。

本文件主要起草人：樊伟、贺耀北、李瑜、万先哲、苏振宇、王宏贵、张永健、陈光、邹德强、钟

正午、吴青霖、申东杰、刘佳桐、孙文彪、张泽文、龙磊、张晋瑞、朱朝银、曹赟干、肖雅丹、乔秋衡、

刘婷婷、孙纯杰、胡楠。

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DB43/T3066—2024

引言

近来，国内外既有桥梁船撞恶性事故频发，造成了大量的人员伤亡、桥梁倒塌、经济损失和负面的

社会影响。特别是在我国，随着陆路和水路立体化交通的迅速发展，近年来恶性船撞事故呈现高发特点，

近十年内发生恶性桥梁船撞事故至少87起，凸显针对既有服役桥梁开展船撞性能评估及提升设计的重大

需求与迫切形势。

2020年，我国交通运输部发布了JTG/T3360-02—2020《公路桥梁抗撞设计规范》，该规范1.0.2条

明确指出：该规范适用于公路新建桥梁中主体结构的抗船撞设计。与新建桥梁不同，既有服役桥梁由

于设计时无专门的规范可依，很多都没有进行详细的防撞设计，其船撞安全性存在疑问。同时，随着

过去几十年我国交通运输业的高速发展，诸多水域因水运需求航道等级显著提升，通航船舶大型化、

高密度化，既有服役桥梁所面临的船撞风险与建设现状已大相径庭，很多既有桥梁难以满足当前防撞

要求。此外，随着桥梁服役年限增加，在多因素影响下，桥梁的性态有所退化，将显著影响其抗撞性

能。目前我国公路桥梁建设已由建设期转向建养并重期，既有桥梁保有量远远大于新建桥梁数量。按

照交通运输部相关文件要求下，虽然各地都在积极开展服役桥梁船舶碰撞桥梁隐患治理，但由于行业

缺乏相应的标准对其进行规范，导致开展过程良莠不齐，技术指标要求不统一，评估流程与设计方法

不统一，缺乏标准化的流程与方法来保障既有服役桥梁船撞安全性，诸多既有桥梁的船撞安全隐患无

法消除。在此背景下，针对既有桥梁船撞安全性的重大问题，编制了本文件，规范既有公路桥梁防船

撞性能评估与性能提升设计。

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既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计标准

1范围

本文件确立了既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与性能提升设计的基本规定、调查观测、船撞作用、船撞分

析与性能评估、防船撞性能提升设计及措施。

本文件适用于跨越航道的既有桥梁的防船撞性能评估与提升设计，包括以下情况的桥梁：

a）航道等级提升、航道环境变化、抗撞设防要求提高的桥梁；

b）需要改变使用用途或使用环境的桥梁；

c）需要进行结构改造或结构加固的桥梁；

d）其他需要进行抗撞评估的桥梁。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

JT/T1414公路桥梁防船撞装置通用技术条件

JTG3362公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范

JTG3363公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范

JTGD60公路桥涵设计通用规范

JTG/T2231-01公路桥梁抗震设计规范

JTG/T3360-02—2020公路桥梁抗撞设计规范

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1桥梁

3.1.1

既有桥梁existingbridges

除新建桥梁以外，现实存在且正在使用的桥梁。

3.1.2

后续使用年限subsequentservicelife

对既有桥梁经评估及性能提升后，确定继续使用的一个时期。在此期限内，正常使用和维护的桥梁

一般不需重新评估和相应性能提升就能按预期目的使用、完成预定的功能。

3.2桥梁防船撞

3.2.1

防船撞性能评估performanceevaluationagainstvesselcollisions

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在调查既有桥梁的设计、施工和现状的基础上，综合水运发展需求，按规定的防船撞设防要求，对

既有桥梁在船撞作用下的性能评估。

3.2.2

防船撞性能提升performanceupgradeagainstvesselcollisions

对既有桥梁采用合理措施，使其达到预期防船撞性能的目标要求。

3.2.3

船撞作用vesselcollisionaction

船撞荷载vesselcollisionloads

船舶与桥梁结构发生碰撞时产生的相互作用。

3.2.4

V1船撞作用vesselcollisionactionV1

在第一水准防船撞设计中采用的船撞作用。

3.2.5

V2船撞作用vesselcollisionactionV2

在第二水准防船撞设计中采用的船撞作用。

3.2.6

碰撞概率collisionprobability

船舶偏航后与桥梁发生接触-碰撞的概率。

3.2.7

碰撞超越概率collisionexceedanceprobability

发生给定碰撞的概率，用于确定V1和V2船撞作用。

3.2.8

通航调查navigationsurvey

对跨越航道的既有桥梁所开展的通航情况调查，包括资料调查和桥址通航观测。

3.2.9

设防代表船舶designvessel

开展桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计时，选定的代表性船舶。

[来源：JTG/T3360-02—2020,2.1.3,有修改]

3.2.10

简单航道simplewaterways

桥址上下游5千米范围内航道顺直，且可用直线近似描述的航道。

3.2.11

复杂航道complexwaterways

需由两根及以上直线构成的折线来简化形状的航道。

3.2.12

水动力效应hydrodynamiceffect

船舶碰撞桥梁过程中水介质影响的总称。

3.2.13

附连水质量addedmassofentrainedwater

为了反映碰撞时水对船舶的影响，将水按照一定的规则简化为附加在船舶上的等效质量。

[来源：JTG/T3360-02—2020,2.1.6]

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3.2.14

附连水质量系数coefficientforaddedmassofentrainedwater

附连水质量与船舶满载排水量的比例系数。

[来源：JTG/T3360-02—2020,2.1.7]

3.2.15

航迹线trackline

通过船舶自动识别系统（AIS）、船舶航行服务系统（VTS）获得的船舶航行的平面航迹线。

[来源：JTG/T3360-02—2020,2.1.8]

3.2.16

防撞措施protectionmeasures

碰撞预警（助航措施、预警措施等）和结构性防船撞设施等用于提升桥梁防撞性能的措施。

3.2.17

结构性防船撞措施structuralprotectionmeasuresagainstvesselcollisions

通过增加物理介质来防止船舶碰撞桥梁或耗散船舶碰撞能量的防撞设施。

3.2.18

碰撞报警collisionwarning

碰撞预警系统向船舶驾驶人员发出需进行紧急避撞提醒的信息。

3.2.19

预备碰撞报警preliminarycollisionwarning

碰撞预警系统向船舶驾驶人员发出告知前方存在桥梁的报警信息。

4基本规定

4.1一般规定

4.1.1既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计，应综合考虑桥梁服役状态、通航现状与发展、水运管理

和公路管理等因素，合理确定既有桥梁的防船撞能力水平、防船撞性能提升措施等。

4.1.2后续使用年限应按下列规定确定：

a）正在使用且未超过设计使用年限的桥梁，通过设计基准期减去已使用年限确定后续使用年限；

b）超过设计使用年限，经过评估仍然可以使用的桥梁，根据最新评估确定后续使用年限。

4.1.3既有桥梁应根据本文件进行防船撞性能评估，当不满足本文件规定时应进行防船撞性能提升

设计。

4.1.4既有桥梁防船撞性能提升设计，应根据防船撞性能评估结论确定其内容和范围，且应符合安全、

耐久、适用、环保、经济和美观的基本原则。

4.1.5既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计宜采用基于动力分析的设计方法。

4.1.6有特殊使用要求的桥梁，其防船撞性能评估与提升设计应通过专门研究确定。

4.1.7既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计，除应符合本文件的规定外，尚应符合JTG3362和JTGD60

等国家与行业相关标准的规定。

4.2设计目标及性能要求

4.2.1既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计中的设防等级应按表1确定。对于经济、国防、防灾减灾等

方面具有重要意义的桥梁，应按A类桥梁进行设计。

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表1既有桥梁防船撞设防等级

公路等级

航道等级

高速一级二级三级四级

IAAAAA

IIAAAAB

IIIAAABB

IV级及以下AABBC

4.2.2既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计应根据碰撞超越概率考虑V1船撞作用和V2船撞作用两个

作用水准。

4.2.3既有桥梁应采用两水准防船撞设防。在V1船撞作用和V2船撞作用下，既有桥梁防船撞性能目标

应符合表2的要求。

表2既有桥梁防船撞性能目标

设防目标

桥梁船撞

V1船撞作用V2船撞作用

设防等级

撞后使用要求损伤状态撞后使用要求损伤状态

结构总体反应在弹性范围，不需修复或经简单修复可正常

A可正常使用可发生局部轻微损伤

基本无损伤使用

结构总体反应在弹性范围，经临时加固后可供维持应急不致倒塌或产生严重

B可正常使用

基本无损伤交通使用结构损伤

结构总体反应在弹性范围，

C可正常使用无要求不致倒塌

基本无损伤

4.3船撞作用基本要求

4.3.1船撞作用应根据桥梁防船撞重要性系数、设防代表船舶与船舶撞击速度，按照第6章规定的方法

确定。

4.3.2各类桥梁防船撞重要性系数（IC）可由表3确定。

表3桥梁防船撞重要性系数

设防等级V1船撞作用V2船撞作用

A1.01.0

B0.81.0

C0.50.5

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4.3.3A类桥梁V1船撞作用与V2船撞作用对应的碰撞超越概率PC-A可按表4确定。B类、C类桥梁的碰

撞超越概率PC可根据A类桥梁碰撞超越概率与防船撞重要性数，由式（1）计算确定。

PCPC-AIC………………（1）

式中：

PC——桥梁的碰撞超越概率；

PC-A——A类桥梁的碰撞超越概率；

IC——各类桥梁防船撞重要性系数。

表4船撞作用碰撞超越概率

设防等级V1船撞作用V2船撞作用

A2×10-35×10-4

4.4作用组合

4.4.1船撞作用与其他作用的组合应符合JTGD60的偶然组合规定，并应符合下列规定：

a）当船撞作用与可变作用组合时，所施加的可变作用应对桥梁抗撞性能影响是不利的；

b）应调查既有桥梁冲刷情况，并根据调查结果考虑冲刷作用与船撞作用组合；无调查数据时，

应将最大冲刷的一半与船撞作用进行组合。

4.4.2组合系数按JTGD60相关规定确定；当有特殊规定时，组合系数应按相关规定取值。

4.5评估方法与流程

4.5.1既有桥梁防船撞性能评估分为初步评估和详细评估。

4.5.2在调查既有桥梁状况、通航状况与发展等情况基础上，初步评估宜以定性的碰撞可能性分析为

主，明确碰撞的可能区域与位置等。碰撞可能性分析可通过分析船舶、航道与桥梁等几何关系，绘制碰

撞的可能区域与位置图，进行桥梁船撞定性评判。

4.5.3详细评估应根据船撞作用下桥梁各构件的抗撞能力与防撞需求之比进行评估。能力与需求之比

大于或等于1.0，表明该构件满足防船撞性能要求；小于1.0，则该构件抗撞能力不足。

4.5.4V1船撞作用下，宜采用线弹性模型进行详细评估计算。V2船撞作用下，A类桥梁宜采用线弹性

模型详细评估计算，B类、C类桥梁宜根据结构特点采用非线性模型详细评估计算。

4.5.5既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计可按图1所示流程进行。

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情况调查

通航调查桥梁调查初步

评估

初步评估：

碰撞可能性及情形分析

船撞作用其他组合作用桥梁计算模型

详细

评估

船撞响应分析抗撞能力估计

能力/需求>1？

否

提升性能

否

提升

是

设计

能力/需求>1？

是

评估与设计完成

图1既有桥梁防船撞性能评估与提升设计流程

5调查观测

5.1通航调查

5.1.1通航调查内容宜包括下列内容：

a）桥梁建设时的航道通航条件影响评价等相关资料；

b）自桥梁建成至开展评估时，桥区通航等级、航道及助航设施布置与管理情况；

c）自桥梁建成至开展评估时，不同水位时桥区通航船舶类型、船舶吨位、上下行数量与船舶

速度；

d）自桥梁建成至开展评估时，桥区发生船-船碰撞、船-桥碰撞、船舶搁浅与非船只漂浮物撞击等

各类事故情况；

e）桥梁后续使用年限内，航道与通航船舶的规划与发展趋势。

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5.1.2通航调查宜以桥区水运主管部门长期监测的数据为基础。获得监测数据的观测站（如船闸），

不宜超过桥位上下游50千米。

5.1.3缺乏通航调查数据时，应在既有桥梁防船撞评估分析之前按附录A进行桥址通航观测。通航观

测点宜设置在所需要评估的既有桥梁结构上。

5.1.4湖南省内河各吨位船舶船型尺寸及航行速度可根据表5确定。

表5湖南省内河推荐船型尺度表

总长（L）型宽（W）满载吃水（d）航速

船型吨级VVV

mmmkm/h

500吨级67.510.81.612

1000吨级8510.82.013

散杂货船2000吨级9014.82.613.5

3000吨级9516.23.214

5000吨级