GB/T 7932-2003 气动系统通用技术条件
GB/T 7932-2003 Pneumatic fluid power—General rules relating to systems
基本信息
发布历史
-
2003年11月
-
2017年07月
研制信息
- 起草单位:
- 无锡气动技术研究所
- 起草人:
- 陈宁、沈德高、李企芳、杨燧然
- 出版信息:
- 页数:34页 | 字数:65 千字 | 开本: 大16开
内容描述
ICS23.100.01
J20石日
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T7932-2003/ISO4414:1998
代替GB/T7932-1987
气动系统通用技术条件
Pneumaticfluidpower-Generalrulesrelatingtosystems
(ISO4414:1998,IDT)
2003-11-25发布2004-06-01实施
中华人民共和国发布
国家质量监督检验检疫总局
GB/T7932-2003八S04414:1998
目次
前言···········································································。······································……Ill
弓!言·········4·····················,···········,··········。·······························,·····。·········。··,····。···……IV
1范围················,····。·······,·····················,·。·······················,。····························。···……1
2规范性引用文件.··二········。····,··,············,··……1
3术语和定义.··················································……,’’······……1
4要求·········。·········,··············。·····················。,·······················,··················‘·。········……2
4.1概述················4······,···4·,··················,·························································,·……2
4.2危险·2
4.3安全性要求·······,·······································一3
4.4系统要求·3
4.5现场条件·3
5系统设计·······················,·····,·················································,·············。···········……4
5.l回路图4
5.2标识·4
5.3安装、使用和维修.·一·6
5.4标准件的使用······,······················································,··················,·········,·····,…7
5.5密封件和密封装置,·····,······。··························,····。·······································,···…·…7
5.6维修和操作资料.·7
5.7操作和维修手册··,·······,····,···。·········································································……7
6能量转换元件.·7
6.1气马达和摆动马达.··一7
6.2气缸······。································,···················4··················································一8
6.3储气罐和其他辅助设备······················。··,················,··········,·············…·…”’““”“””‘9
7阀·················,···。························,········································。···························,·…9
7.1阀的选择·9
7.2阀的安装·9
7.3集成气路板····················,····················9
7.4电控阀····10
7.5阀功能的一致性··························‘·························。··················,·······················,…10
7.6安全阀·············4·······,····‘················4·······。····················。·························,·······。·…10
7.7快排阀1)
8气源处理元件,10
8.1过滤·················,·····,························。········································,··················……10
8.2压力调节·········。···‘··················4··············4······················································……11
8.3润滑·····························,,·‘·。··········。································。。·········。··················……11
8.4防护罩11
8.5空气干燥器·························。。········‘·································。···。········。················……12
9管路·,········,··,····4············。·····。····。················。············4·,······················,。,····。······……l2
GB/T7932-2003/ISO4414:1998
5.1一般要求‘··························································································。·········……12
9.2管路和管子的要求··················。·······················一·13
9.3管路的支承···,···········。·······················································。·。··············……,·……}3
5.4杂质···············。·。········。········‘·。··························14
9.5软管总成·····,·····,··········,···。·,········。·········。······················。··············.·......·....……14
,16快换接头······。···································································。··········。··················一14
9.7管路的拆卸···························‘··················】·········,···。····································……l4
10控制系统···················,············。···········。·。·········,··。····························。···。·······。··一14
10.1无指令动作······················································。·14
102系统保护··。··‘·······。。···············································,·····,······················。·。··……14
10.3元件··············。··········。····..·············。。····························,···············。··········……15
10.4带有伺服阀或比例阀的控制系统···········,·······················。,。·········。,·········。·。··········。…15
10.5其他设计考虑.···········,······介···········,················……1弓
一
10.6控制装置的布置
10.7紧急托,制装置·
11诊断和监控.·....……17
11.1压力测量17
11.2电气指,J毛器···········。·。,··········································。,········...····........·...……17
12清洗和涂漆··················。······················································..·······..···……17
13运输的准备工作······························。·······························.……。...........……价
13.1管路的标识·。··········································。········....··.........……,..……,…17
13.2包装··········,·········,··········,·························。············,···,···、···················‘··……17
13.3外露郎分的保护.·····……17
14试运行···············。。············。···················。············。·······。···。···。·······················……17
训1检验试验···············,············。··························,·························4············……17
14.2噪j}···························。。······。··································‘·。··················,············……18
143流体的泄漏·········。·····,··················,·················。·。·····,·············,·················……!8
议1应提供的最终资料················································。·,·····,·············.·········.…….‘18
14.5更改··,·。···········4·,··············································,·································4·······一18
15标注说明(引用本标准)··············································。························……卜…18
附录A(资料性附录)需要供方与需方商定的项目·······························二···,················……19
附录B资(料性附录)危险情况一览表·································································..……20
附录C资料性附录)零部件明细表示例·····················,··。······························。。·········……22
附录D(资料性附录)气动系统资料格式)r例·····························。·。·。···,··············。·······……23
GB/T7932-2003/ISO4414:1998
月9吕
本标准等同采用国际标准ISO4414:1998《气压传动与系统相关的一般规则》英(文版)。
本标准的内容与ISO4414:1998《气压传动与系统相关的一般规则》基本一致,除编辑方面按国
家标准规定做适当修改外,与ISO4414:1998有以下几点差异:
—一在“规范性引用文件”条款中,按GB/Tl.1--200。的要求编写。以对应的国家标准代替了
IS()标准:"ISO1219-1:199”改为“G11/T786.1","ISO5598:1985”改为“GB/T17446",
"IEC204-1:1997”改为“GB/T5226.1","IEC"529:1989”改为“GB4208",并采用不注日期的
引用方式;
—删除ISO4414:1998的前言以及资料性的附录C、附录F和索引;
-一一压力单位,国际标准为kPa,本标准为MPa.
本标准代替国家标准GB//'r7932-1987((气动系统通用技术条件》。本标准与GB/T7932-
1987相比,编排格式进行了重大调整,充实了许多内容,也删除了与气动系统无关的章节。其主要变
化为:
一一增加了7个引用标准和《术语和定义》一章;
--一在安全性方面,本标准对设计、元件选择等多方面提出了具体要求,比原标准考虑更全面,内容
更具体;
-一对尤件和管路的要求比原标准更规范,充实了许多新内容;
--一增加了4个附录。
本标准的附录A、附录B、附录C和附录D为资料性附录。
本标准由中国机械S业联合会提出。
本标准由全国液压气动标准化技术委员会(S(AC/TC3)归110
本标准起草单位:无锡气动技术研究所。
本标准主要起草人:陈宁、沈德高、李企芳、杨隧然。
本标准所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为:
一--GB/T7932一1987。
GB/T7932-2003/ISO4414:1998
引言
在气动系统中,动力是通过闭合回路中压缩空气或其他(中性)气体来传递和控制的。
气动系统的应用,要求供需双方之间有透彻的理解和准确的沟通。制定本标准的目的就是为了有
助于这种理解和沟通。同时,也为气动系统的应用提供r许多有益的实践经验和资料。
本标准有助于:
a>对气动系统和气动元件的要求的确认,并予以规定;
b)对各自的责任范围的认定;
c)使系统及其元件的设计符合规定的要求;
d)对气动系统安全性要求的理解。
本标准所给出的通用技术条件,除已被纳人供需双方契约中的那些条款外,并不具有法律效力。同
样,当供需双方起草合同协议条款时,也允许含有与本标准不一致的那些气动条款。必须注意供需双方
在起草文件时,应符合国家或当地政府的法规和法律。
带有动词“应”的通用技术条件是来自于很好的工程实践的建议,普遍适用并很少例外。在文中用
到“宜”的条款,并不是表示供选择,而是叮能会由于某种过程、环境条件或设备的规格的特殊性而需适
当地修正。
文中带有“二”标记的标题或内容部分,表示需要供需双方协商来确定要求和或()责任的分条款,这
些分条款也在附录A中列出。
GB/T7932-x2003八S04414:1998
气动系统通用技术条件
范围
本标准规定了在工业生产过程中使用的气动系统的通用技术条件。以此作为对供需双方的一种指
导,来保证:
a)安全性;
b)系统的连续运行;
c)维护容易和经济;
d)系统的使用寿命长。
本标准不适用于工厂中的空气压缩机及与配气系统连接的典型装置。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而构成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件,其随后所
有的修改单不(包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准,然而,鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研
究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本适用于本标准。
GB/T786.1液压气动图形符号n(eqISO1219-1)
GB4208外壳防护等级(IP代码)(eqvIEC529)
GB5226.1机械安全机械电气设备第1部分:通用技术条件(i(dtIEC204-1)
GB/T17446流体传动系统及元件术语i(dtISO5598)
ISO65:1981符合ISO7-1适用于车螺纹的碳钢管
ISO1219-2流体传动系统和元件图形符号和回路图第2部分:回路图
ISO5782-1气压传动压缩空气过滤器第1部分:商务文件和具体要求中应包含的主要特性
ISO6301-1气压传动压缩空气油雾器第1部分:供应商文件和产品标志要求中应包含的主
要特性
ISO6953-1气压传动压缩空气调压阀和带过滤器的调压阀第1部分:商务文件中包含的主
要特性及产品标识要求
ISO8778气压传动标准参考大气
3术语和定义
GB/T17446确立的以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准。
执行元件actuator
把流体能量转换成机械能的元件例(如马达、气缸)。
3.2
试运行commissioning
需方正式验收系统的程序。
3.3
元件component
气压传动系统的一个功能部分,由一个或多个零件组成的独立单元例(如:气缸,马达、阀或过滤器
等,但不包括管路系统)。
GB/T7932-2003/ISO4414:1998
控制机构controlmechanism
给元件提供输人信号的装置例(如:操纵杆、电磁铁)。
3.5
应急控制emergencycontrol
把系统带人安全状态的控制功能。
3.6
功能标牌functionplate
包含描述手动操作装置的功能如(:开/关、仁/下)或系统执行的功能状态例(如:夹紧,提升、前进)
的信息的标识牌
中性气体neutralgas
这种气体与空气的特性类似,所不同的是它在压力和温度的作用下不起反应。
操作装置operatingdevice
给控制机构提供输人信号的装置(例如凸轮、电开关)。
管路piping
管接头、卡箍和连接件与硬管或软管的任何组合,这种组合可使流体在元件之间流动。
气动技术pneumatics
用空气或中性气体作为流体传动介质的科学和技术。
需方purchaser
规定对机器、装置、系统或元件的要求,并评定产品是否满足这些要求的一方。
供方supplier
承包提供满足需方要求的产品的一方。
系统system
由相互连接的元件组成的传递和控制流体能量的装置。
要求
4.1概述
在4.1.1至4.5中给出的要求,适用于本标准范围内的所有系统。
4.1.1说明书
气动系统应按系统供方提供的说明书和建议进行安装和使用。
4.1.2语言’
供需双方应商定用于机器标志和适用文件的语言。供方应负责保证译文与原文具有同样的含义。
4.2危险‘
供需双方商定时,应对附录B中所列危险进行评价。这种评价可以包括气动系统对机器的其他部
分、系统或环境的影响附录B中列出的标准可用于这类评价。
只要可行,就应通过设计消除所确认的那些危险。若做不到这一点,则设计应包含针对这些危险的
GB/T7932-2003八S04414:1998
防范措施。
4.3安全性要求
4.3.1设计方面的考虑
在设计气动系统时,应考虑到系统的全部动作要求和用途。
气动系统的设计以及元件的选择、使用、安装和调整应保证系统能不间断地工作、延长寿命和操作
安全。
一旦出现故障,首要考虑人员的安全,并9-量减少对设备和环境的损害。另外,还应考虑到在预期
的操作和使用中可能出现的故障模式。
4.3.2元件的选择
系统中的所有元件都应进行选择或指定,以确保其使用的安全性。当系统投人预期的使用时,元件
应在其额定的极限范围内工作。应选择或指定元件以保证系统在预定运行中能可靠地工作。尤其应注
意某些元件的故障模式,它们如果失灵或出现故障可能会使整个系统产生危险。
4.3.3意外压力
系统的所有部件应在设计上或以其他保护措施,防止压力超过系统或系统任何部分的最高工作压
力及各具体元件的额定压力。
系统的设计、制造和调整,应使冲击压力和增压压力减至最低。冲击压力和增压压力不应引起危险。
应考虑由于阻塞、压降或泄漏等原因影响元件安全工作的后果。
4.3.4机械运动
无论是预期的还是意外的机械运动包(括加速、减速或物体的提升/夹持),都不应造成对人员有危
险的状态。
4.3.5噪声
当排气造成的声压等级超过犷适用的法规和标准的许可时,排气C-1应使用消声器。在排气口使用
的消声器本身不应产生危险。消声器不宜产生有害的背压。
4.3.6泄漏
泄漏(内泄漏或外泄漏)不应引起危险。
4.3.7空气中的有害物质
系统的设计、制造和或()配备,应使排气中的有害物质在空气中传播所引起的危害降低到最小。
4.4系统要求‘
供需双方应确定系统运行和功能的技术规范,其中包括:
a)工作压力范围;
b)工作温度范围;
c)所用流体的类型;
山循环速率;
e)负载循环特性;
f)元件的使用寿命;
9)动作顺序;
h)润滑;
i)起吊要求;
7)应急和安全性的要求;
k)油漆和防护性涂料的详细要求。
4.5现场条件‘
4.5.1技术要求‘
供需双方应确定现场条件,系统设计时应考虑这些条件。
GB/T7932-2003/ISO4414:1998
所需的资料例如:
a)设备的环境温度范围;
b)设备的环境湿度范围;
c)可用的公共设施,例如:电、水及废物的处理;
d)电网的详细资料,例如:电压及其波动范围、频率、可用的功率如(果受限制)等等;
e)对电气线路的保护;
f)安装位置超过海拔1000米以上的高度;
9)压缩空气的压力、流动能力,湿度和清洁度如(果气动系统中没有包括来自气源的上述条件的
规定);
h)振动源;
1)应急措施,例如发生起火、爆炸或其他意外事件的可能性,以及相应可行的应急措施;
j)异常的环境条件;
k)防护要求;
1)法律因素,包括对环境的规定;
m)其他安全性和特殊性要求。
4.5.2图样’
供方应提供由供需双方共同商定的系统图样,它们包括:
a)平面布置图,其中包括位置和安装尺寸;
b)基础要求,其中包括地基的承载能力;
c)供水要求;
d)供电要求;
e)管路布置(经商定,也可以使用照片表示)。
5系统设计
回路图
供方应提供符合ISO1219-2的回路图。该回路图反映系统设计,标识元件并满足条款4的要求。
下列资料应包含在回路图中或附加文件中:
a)所有装置的名称、目录编号、系列号或设计编号,以及制造商或供方名称的标识;
b)硬管的口径、壁厚和技术条件及软管总成的通径和技术条件;
。)各气缸的内径、活塞杆直径,行程长度、估算的预期工作所需的最大力和速度;
d)各气马达预期工作所需的排气量、最大输出转矩、转速和旋转方向;
e)压力控制阀的压力设定值;
f)滤网、过滤器和替换滤芯的型号;
9)当规定时,给出时间顺序图表,例如循环的时间范围和数据或文字,或二者兼有。该图表表示
出执行的操作,包括相关的电控、机械控制和执行器的功能;
h)气路块内各气路的清晰指示,为此,可以采用边界线或边框线,边界线内仅包括安装在气路块
_L或气路块内的元件的符号;
1)各个执行元件沿各个方向的功能的清晰指示;
1)所有元件或气路块的气口标识与(在元件或气路块L标明的一致);
k)
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