GB/T 2424.25-2024 环境试验 第3部分：试验导则 地震试验方法

ICS

19.040

CCS

K04

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T2424.25—2024

代替GB/T2424.25—2000

环境试验

第3部分：试验导则地震试验方法

Environmentaltesting—

Part3：Testguidance—Seismictestmethods

（IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019,Environmentaltesting—Part3-3:Supporting

documentationandguidance—Seismictestmethodsforequipment,MOD）

2024-11-28发布2025-06-01实施

国家市场监督管理总局发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T2424.25—2024

目次

前言

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Ⅴ

引言

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Ⅵ

1

范围

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2

规范性引用文件

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3

术语和定义

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4

一般要求和鉴定宜考虑的事项

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4.1

一般地震类和特定地震类

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4.2

使用状态

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4.3

故障判据

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4.4

分级准则

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5

试验要求

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5.1

安装要求

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5.2

测量要求

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5.3

频率范围

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6

试验波形选择

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6.1

概述

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6.2

多频波

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6.3

单频波

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7

试验波

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7.1

一般规定

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7.2

多频波试验

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7.3

单频试验

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7.4

其他试验波形

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8

试验条件

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8.1

振动响应检查

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8.2

试验方法

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8.3

阻尼的选择

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8.4

S1地震和S2地震

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8.5

组件试验

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8.6

部件试验

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9

单轴和多轴试验

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9.1

单轴试验

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9.2

双轴试验

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9.3

三轴试验

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Ⅰ

GB/T2424.25—2024

10

一般地震类试验条件

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11

一般地震类试验幅值计算方法

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11.1

一般规定

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11.2

试验条件

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12

一般地震类试验参数

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12.1

试验持续时间

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12.2

试验加速度

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13

一般地震类要求响应谱

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14

一般地震类试验

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14.1

振动响应检查

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14.2

试验类型

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15

特定地震类试验

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15.1

概述

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15.2

多频波

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15.3

单频波

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15.4

其他试验波形

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附录A（资料性）GB/T2424已经发布的部分

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22

附录B（资料性）本文件与IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019结构编号对照情况

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23

附录C（资料性）本文件与IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019技术差异及其原因

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附录D（资料性）试验选择流程图

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D.1

试验类型选择

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D.2

一般地震类─计算幅值试验

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D.3

特定地震类─单轴试验

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D.4

特定地震类─多轴试验

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附录E（资料性）信息通信设备地震试验条件

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E.1

抗震试验方法

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E.2

试验严酷等级

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E.3

鉴定标准

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附录F（资料性）电力设备地震试验条件

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F.1

抗震试验方法

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F.2

试验严酷等级

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F.3

鉴定标准

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参考文献

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图1时间历程强震部分图1时间历程强震部分

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4

图2典型响应谱包络

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图3TRS示意图

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5

Ⅱ

GB/T2424.25—2024

图4连续正弦波

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图5试验波序列

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图6正弦拍频叠加多频谱

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图7斜面单轴台

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图8波形放大系数示意图

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图9RRS推荐形状（对数﹘对数坐标）

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20

图D.1地震分类选择

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图D.2计算振幅试验流程图

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图D.3单轴试验流程图

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图D.4特定地震类─多轴试验

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31

图E.1信息通信设备地震楼面响应倍率（ζ=3%）

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32

表1典型阻尼比（临界阻尼值的百分比）表1典型阻尼比（临界阻尼值的百分比）

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12

表2试验类型的选择

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15

表3地面加速度量级

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16

表4地震烈度与地震动最大加速度的关系

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16

表5推荐的超高系数（K）

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17

表6方向系数（D）

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表7波形系数

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18

表B.1本文件与IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019结构编号对照情况

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23

表C.1本文件与IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019技术差异及其原因

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27

表E.1水平轴地震响应倍率值

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表E.2垂直轴地震响应倍率值

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表E.3信息通信设备抗震性能评定表

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33

表F.1水平地震加速度最大值

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34

Ⅲ

GB/T2424.25—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件是GB/T2424的第25部分。GB/T2424已经发布的部分见附录A。

本文件代替GB/T2424.25—2000《电工电子产品环境试验第3部分：试验导则地震试验方

法》，与GB/T2424.25—2000相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：

—增加了试验波形选择（见第6章）；

—增加了试验波（见第7章）；

—增加了试验条件（见第8章）；

—增加了单轴和多轴试验（见第9章）；

—更改了地面加速度（见11.2.4，2000年版的8.2.4）；

—增加了一般地震类RRS（见第13章）；

—删除了标准幅值常规试验方法及相关的条款内容要求（见2000年版的第7章）。

本文件修改采用IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019《环境试验第3﹘3部分：支持文件及导则设备地震试验

方法》。

本文件与IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019相比，在结构上有较多调整。两个文件之间的结构编号变化对照一览

表见附录B。

本文件与IEC60068﹘3﹘3:2019相比，存在较多技术差异，这些技术差异及其原因一览表见附录C。

本文件做了下列编辑性改动：

—本文件名称改为《环境试验第3部分：试验导则地震试验方法》；

—增加了对GB55002—2021的资料性引用；

—用资料性引用的“GB/T17742—2020”替换了“IECTS62271﹘210:2013”（见11.2.4）；

—增加了资料性附录“GB/T2424的组成文件”（见附录A）；

—增加了资料性附录“结构编号变化一览表”（见附录B）；

—增加了资料性附录“技术差异及其原因一览表”（见附录C）；

—增加了资料性附录“信息通信设备地震试验条件”（见附录E）；

—增加了资料性附录“电力设备地震试验条件”（见附录F）；

—更改了参考文献（见参考文献）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由全国电工电子产品环境条件与环境试验标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC8）提出并归口。

本文件起草单位：中国信息通信研究院、工业和信息化部电子第五研究所、中国电力科学研究院有

限公司、生态环境部核与辐射安全中心、中国水利水电科学研究院、广州大学、中国建筑科学研究院有

限公司、广州五所环境仪器有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：孙国良、黄维学、张朋波、程永锋、朱祝兵、路燕、解禾、汲书强、王志鹏、

李春雷、纪春阳、卢智成、张学中、罗开海、刘振林、徐忠根、许亮华、钟红。

本文件于2000年首次发布，本次为第一次修订。

Ⅴ

GB/T2424.25—2024

引言

“环境调节”或“环境试验”一词表示的是设备或零部件在实际可能所处的使用、运输和贮存的自

然或人工环境下的性能评估。

GB/T2424系列标准中各部分分别给出了一组环境试验的背景资料，拟由以下部分构成。

—GB/T2424.1—2015环境试验第3部分：支持文件及导则低温和高温试验。目的在于给

出低温试验、高温试验、带温度突变试验和温度渐变试验的试验导则。

—GB/T2424.2—2005电工电子产品环境试验规程湿热试验导则。目的在于制定电子电工产

品或设备湿热试验标准时，提供适当的试验方法和严酷等级。

—GB/T2424.5—2021环境试验第3部分：支持文件及导则温度试验箱性能确认。目的在

于提供一种统一的可再现的方法,用以确认温度试验箱在没有负载的情况下是否符合相关标准

规定。

—GB/T2424.6—2021环境试验第3部分：支持文件及导则温度/湿度试验箱性能确认。目

的在于提供一种统一的可再现的方法，用以确认温湿度试验箱在没有负载的情况下是否符合相

关标准规定。

—GB/T2424.7—2024环境试验第3部分：支持文件及导则试验A（低温）和B（高温）的

温度箱测量（带负载）。目的在于规定了一种统一的可再现的方法，以确认温度试验箱在有散

热性/非散热性试验样品负载并且工作空间内有空气循环条件下，符合气候试验规定的

要求。

—GB/T2424.10—2012环境试验大气腐蚀加速试验的通用导则。目的在于供编制大气加速

腐蚀试验方法标准、规程及进行人工加速腐蚀试验时参考。

—GB/T2424.11—2013环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Kc：接触点和连接件的二氧化

硫试验导则。目的在于制定电子电工产品或设备接触点和连接件的二氧化硫试验标准时，提供

适当的试验方法和严酷等级。

—GB/T2424.12—2014环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Kd：接触点和连接件的硫化氢

试验导则。目的在于制定电子电工产品或设备接触点和连接件的硫化氢试验标准时，提供适当

的试验方法和严酷等级。

—GB/T2424.15—2008电工电子产品环境试验第3部分：温度/低气压综合试验导则。目的

在于规定了温度/低气压综合试验，涉及地面或空中应用的一系列气压。

—GB/T2424.17—2008电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验T：锡焊试验导

则。目的在于为锡焊试验规范编写者提供背景资料和建议。

—GB/T2424.25—2024电工电子产品环境试验第3部分：试验导则地震试验方法。目的在

于为地震试验提供适当的试验方法和严酷等级。

—GB/T2424.26—2008电工电子产品环境试验第3部分：支持文件和导则振动试验选择。

目的在于提供稳态振动试验方法的选择依据。

—GB/T2424.27—2013环境试验支持文件和指南温湿度试验箱不确定度计算。目的在于

为分析温度和湿度气候试验箱的不确定度提供指导。

本文件首先明确地震试验分类要求，并给出地震试验程序、波形要求及试验轴向要求，给出一般地

震类和特定地震类严酷等级计算方法，同时在附录中给出了信息通信设备、电力设备具体的地震试验

条件。

Ⅵ

GB/T2424.25—2024

环境试验

第3部分：试验导则地震试验方法

1范围

本文件描述了使用振动台进行全尺寸设备的、基于动力学试验数据的地震试验方法。

本文件旨在提供多种试验方法，以方便相关规范来规定设备地震试验，为地震鉴定中验证设备性能

提供支撑，供制造商证实设备抗震性能，或用户评估和验证设备抗震性能。

本文件适用于电工电子设备的地震试验。其他设备及部件参照执行。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用

于本文件。

ISO2041机械振动、冲击与状态监测词汇（Mechanicalvibration，shockandconditionmonit﹘

oring—Vocabulary）

注：GB/T2298—2010机械振动、冲击与状态监测词汇（ISO2041:2009,IDT）

IEC60068﹘1环境试验第1部分：概述和指南（Environmentaltesting—Part1:Generaland

guidance）

注：GB/T2421—2020环境试验概述和指南（IEC60068﹘1:2013,IDT）

IEC60068﹘2﹘6环境试验第2﹘6部分：试验试验Fc：振动（正弦）[Environmental

testing—Part2﹘6:Tests—TestFc:Vibration（sinusoidal）]

注：GB/T2423.10—2019环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Fc：振动（正弦）（IEC60068﹘2﹘6:2007,

IDT）

IEC60068﹘2﹘47环境试验第2﹘47部分：试验振动、冲击和类似动态试验用试样的安装（En﹘

vironmentaltesting—Part2﹘47:Test—Mountingofspecimensforvibration，impactandsimilardynam﹘

ictests）

注：GB/T2423.43—2008电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法振动、冲击和类似动力学试验样品的

安装(IEC60068﹘2﹘47:2005,IDT)

IEC60068﹘2﹘57环境试验第2﹘57部分：试验试验Ff：振动﹘时间历程和正弦拍频法（Envir﹘

onmentaltesting—Part2﹘57:Tests—TestFf:Vibration—Time﹘historyandsine﹘beatmethod）

注：GB/T2423.48—2018环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Ff：振动时间历程和正弦拍频法

（IEC60068﹘2﹘57:2013,IDT）

IEC60068﹘2﹘64环境试验第2﹘64部分：试验试验Fh：振动、宽带随机和指南（Environment﹘

altesting—Part2﹘64:Tests—TestFh:Vibration,broadbandrandomandguidance）

注：GB/T2423.56—2023环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Fh：宽带随机振动和导则（IEC60068﹘2﹘64:2019,

IDT）

IEC60068﹘2﹘81环境试验第2﹘81部分：试验试验Ei：冲击冲击响应谱合成（Environment﹘

altesting—Part2﹘81:Tests—TestEi:Shock—Shockresponsespectrumsynthesis）

注：GB/T2423.57—2008电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Ei：冲击冲击响应谱合成

（IEC60068﹘2﹘81:2003,IDT）

1

GB/T2424.25—2024

3术语和定义

IEC60068﹘1、IEC60068﹘2﹘6、IEC60068﹘2﹘57和ISO2041界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本

文件。

3.1

组件assembly

有同一安装或共同支承结构的两个或两个以上的部件。

3.2

危险频率criticalfrequency

下列情况的频率：

—样品出现故障和/或性能下降的振动频率；

—产生机械共振和/或其他效应的振动频率，例如颤振。

[来源：GB/T2423.10—2019，3.9，有修改]

3.3

截止频率cut-offfrequency

响应谱中零周期加速度渐近线开始处的频率。

注：单自由度系统对高于截止频率的振动响应不再放大。一般也是待分析波形的上限频率。

3.4

阻尼damping

描述能量在系统结构中的耗散。

注：实际上，阻尼取决于许多参数，如结构系统、振动模式、应变、作用力、速度、材料、接头滑移。

[来源：GB/T2423.10—2019，3.8]

3.4.1

临界阻尼criticaldamping

能使一个偏置的系统以无振荡方式回到初始位置的最小粘性阻尼。

[来源：GB/T2423.48—2018，3.5，有修改]

3.4.2

阻尼比dampingratio

ζ

在一个粘性阻尼系统中，实际阻尼与临界阻尼之比。

[来源：GB/T2423.48—2018，3.6，有修改]

3.5

方向系数directionfactor

D

地震产生的地面的水平方向加速度和垂直方向加速度幅值之间的比例系数。

3.6

楼面加速度flooracceleration

af

由给定地震的地面运动导致的特定建筑物楼面（或设备安装位置）上的加速度。

注：实际上，楼面加速度能分解为水平和垂直分量。

3.7

几何系数geometricfactor

G

单轴试验时考虑多轴向振动输入同时作用在设备上时，不同轴向之间存在相互作用的系数。

2

GB/T2424.25—2024

3.8

地面加速度groundacceleration

ag

由给定地震运动产生的加速度。

注：实际上地面加速度能分解为水平和垂直分量。

3.9

故障malfunction

设备丧失了触发或维持所要求功能的能力或设备发生可能导致有害结果的误动作。

注：故障将由相关规范确定。

3.10

优选试验轴preferredtestingaxes

设备最易损坏的三条正交轴向。

[来源：GB/T2423.48—2018，3.16，有修改]

3.11

响应谱responsespectrum

给定阻尼比下，一系列单自由度系统对规定输入运动的最大响应曲线。

3.12

要求响应谱requiredresponsespectrum；RRS

用户规定的响应谱。

3.13

共振频率responsefrequency

系统进行受迫振动时，激励频率的变化会导致系统响应降低所对应的频率。

注1：共振频率值取决于测量变量。对于线性阻尼系统，位移、速度和加速度的响应频率值（分别为动态柔度、迁

移率和加速度；见ISO2041）按频率的递增顺序排列。对于通常的阻尼比，这些共振频率值之间的差异

很小。

注2：在地震试验中，一般将响应的传递率大于2的频率标记为共振频率。

注3：对于线性阻尼系统，共振频率与阻尼固有频率一致。

3.14

S1地震S1-earthquake

预计在设备运行寿命期间发生的地震,在此地震下,安全相关的设备要设计成能连续运行而不会出现

故障。

注：在核应用中，S1地震对应于运行基准地震（OBE）。

3.15

S2地震S2-earthquake

产生潜在最大地面振动的地震，在此地震下，某些结构、系统和部件要设计成能保持功能。

注1：结构、系统和部件指确保整个系统的正常功能、完整性和安全所必需的物项。

注2：在核应用中，S2地震相当于安全停堆地震（SSE）。

3.16

正弦拍频sinebeat

用较低频率正弦波调制的某一频率的连续正弦波。