GB/Z 44235-2024 纳米技术 含聚合物纳米纤维的空气过滤介质特性及测量方法

ICS07.120

CCSL04

中华人民共和国国家标准化指导性技术文件

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

纳米技术含聚合物纳米纤维的

空气过滤介质特性及测量方法

Nanotechnologies—Characteristicsandmeasurementmethodsofair

filtermediacontainingpolymericnanofibers

（ISO/TS21237：2020，Nanotechnologies—Airfiltermediacontainingpolymeric

nanofibers—Specificationofcharacteristicsandmeasurementmethods，IDT）

2024⁃08⁃23发布2025⁃03⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语和定义··············································································································1

4缩略语····················································································································2

5待测特性及其测量方法·······························································································2

5.1概述·················································································································2

5.2基本特性和可选特性及其测量方法··········································································2

5.3特性及其测量方法的描述······················································································3

5.3.1概述············································································································3

5.3.2纤维直径······································································································3

5.3.3形貌············································································································3

5.3.4比表面积······································································································4

5.3.5化学组成······································································································4

5.3.6热稳定性······································································································4

5.3.7晶体结构······································································································4

5.3.8结晶度·········································································································5

5.3.9晶粒尺寸······································································································5

6报告·······················································································································5

附录A（资料性）含纳米纤维空气过滤介质的典型结构························································6

附录B（资料性）基本特性的检测报告格式········································································8

附录C（资料性）可选特性的检测报告格式········································································9

参考文献····················································································································10

Ⅰ

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件等同采用ISO/TS21237—2020《纳米技术含聚合物纳米纤维的空气过滤介质特性及

测量方法规范》，文件类型由ISO的技术规范调整为我国的国家标准化指导性技术文件。

本文件做了下列最小限度的编辑性改动：

——为与现有标准协调，将标准名称更改为《纳米技术含聚合物纳米纤维的空气过滤介质特性

及测量方法》。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国科学院提出。

本文件由全国纳米技术标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC279）归口。

本文件起草单位：中国医学科学院基础医学研究所、嘉兴富瑞邦新材料科技有限公司、中国科学院

苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所。

本文件主要起草人：刘健、温涛、许海燕、赵兴雷、蒋攀、华婷、张学同、盛智芝。

Ⅲ

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

引言

空气过滤介质对不同类型空气过滤器的性能和效率有重要作用。大多数空气过滤介质利用无纺

材料分离固体或液体微粒。空气过滤介质应用广泛，如用于燃气轮机进气、工业除尘、呼吸面罩、个人

防护设备、供暖、通风和空调系统、洁净室等。

近年来，含纳米纤维的空气过滤介质由于其具有高过滤效率和滑流效应所带来的低压降特性（见

参考文献[5]），已商业化并被广泛应用于不同行业。含纳米纤维的空气过滤介质通常可通过在纺丝过

程中将一种或多种聚合物基纳米纤维直接沉积在适当的多孔基底表面而获得。

由于纳米纤维的直径显著小于过滤器中使用的传统微纤维，因此能够提高惯性碰撞和拦截的几

率，从而获得更高的过滤效率。同时，滑流也能够减小压降，使更多的污染物流经纳米纤维表面，因而

也能提高惯性碰撞和拦截效率。在压降相同的情况下，纳米纤维层的过滤能力优于传统纤维层。此

外，纳米纤维的高比表面积有助于从空气中吸附污染物。以上这些优点使含纳米纤维的空气过滤介质

广泛用于空气过滤（见参考文献[5][6][7]）。

含纳米纤维的空气过滤介质可通过静电纺丝、离心纺丝等不同的技术进行制造。纳米纤维具有不

同的晶体结构、形貌和直径，其沉积在基底表面形成网状无纺层。无纺层的比表面积和互穿纤维的孔

隙率主要受纳米纤维直径和形貌的影响。聚酰胺（PA）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚丙烯腈（PAN）和聚氨

酯（PU）等材质的高分子纳米纤维通常被用于空气过滤介质。纳米纤维可以沉积在不同种类的纺织或

无纺基底上。附录A显示了含纳米纤维空气过滤介质的截面示意图（见图A.1）及显示其典型结构、形

貌和纹理的SEM图像（见图A.2和图A.3）。

本文件有助于促进供需双方的沟通，并为该类新型空气过滤介质不断增长的贸易提供支持。

Ⅳ

GB/Z44235—2024/ISO/TS21237：2020

纳米技术含聚合物纳米纤维的

空气过滤介质特性及测量方法

1范围

本文件规定了基底表面含聚合物纳米纤维的空气过滤介质宜测量的特性，并描述了相应的测量

方法。

本文件不涉及健康和安全相关的特性。

注：使用已公布的相关标准对空气过滤介质与应用相关的性质/性能进行评估。采用适合于特定应用的测试方法

对过滤介质的压降和颗粒去除效率等物理性质和性能进行测量。

2规范性引用文件

本文件没有规范性引用文件。

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

空气过滤器airfilter

过滤器filter

从流经的气流中分离出固体或液体颗粒（3.6）或气体污染物的装置。

注1：该装置通常由一层或多层多孔、纤维状或颗粒状的材料构成。

注2：空气过滤器特指用过滤方式净化流经的空气，而空气净化器不限定其减少空气污染的具体方法。

[来源：ISO29464：2017，3.1.16，有修改]

3.2

空气过滤介质airfiltermedium

过滤（3.3）时采用的可渗透性多孔材料，用以捕集或沉积滤出物。

注：过滤介质由纳米纤维（3.5）层和基底（3.7）组成。

[来源：GB/T18690.1—2009，2.27，有修改]

3.3

过滤filtration

通过对污染物的滞留，将悬浮于流体中的污染物从流体中分离的活动（也包括构建和调试过滤装

置所涉及的全部活动）。

[来源：ISO29464：2017，3.5.29]

3.4

纳米尺度nanoscale

约处于1nm至100nm之间的长度范围。

[来源：ISO80004‐1：2023，3.1.1]

1