GB/T 44218-2024 微型扬声器测量方法

ICS33.160.50

CCSM72

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44218—2024

微型扬声器测量方法

Methodsofmeasurementformicrospeakers

（IEC63034：2020，Microspeakers，MOD）

2024⁃07⁃24发布2025⁃02⁃01实施

国家市场监督管理总局

发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T44218—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范围·······················································································································1

2规范性引用文件········································································································1

3术语、定义和缩略语···································································································1

3.1术语和定义········································································································1

3.2缩略语··············································································································1

4测量条件·················································································································2

4.1额定条件···········································································································2

4.2气候条件···········································································································2

4.3标准测量条件·····································································································2

5声学环境·················································································································3

5.1通则·················································································································3

5.2自由场条件········································································································3

5.3半自由场条件·····································································································3

5.4等效自由场条件··································································································3

5.5等效半自由场条件·······························································································3

6微型扬声器的安装·····································································································3

6.1微型扬声器单元的安装和声负载·············································································3

6.2微型扬声器系统的安装和声负载·············································································4

6.3标准微障板········································································································4

6.4测量用平面波管··································································································5

7微型扬声器和测量传声器的位置···················································································5

7.1微型扬声器位置··································································································5

7.2在自由场或半自由场条件下的测量距离····································································6

7.3在等效自由场或半自由场条件下微型扬声器和传声器的位置·········································7

8测量设备·················································································································7

9测量准确度··············································································································7

9.1通则·················································································································7

9.2不需要的声噪声和电噪声······················································································7

9.3安装的准确度·····································································································7

9.4测量设备的准确度·······························································································8

9.5声学环境的准确度·······························································································8

10接线端和控制器的标识····························································································8

Ⅰ

GB/T44218—2024

10.1通则················································································································8

10.2正极················································································································8

11测量信号···············································································································8

11.1通则················································································································8

11.2稳态正弦信号····································································································8

11.3正弦扫频信号····································································································9

11.4离散多音正弦信号······························································································9

11.5宽带噪声信号··································································································10

11.6窄带噪声信号··································································································10

12预处理················································································································10

12.1环境预处理·····································································································10

12.2预负荷处理·····································································································10

13阻抗····················································································································10

13.1阻抗曲线········································································································10

13.2额定阻抗········································································································11

14微型扬声器的小信号参数·························································································11

14.1通则··············································································································11

14.2特性解释········································································································11

14.3测量方法········································································································12

15位移特性··············································································································16

15.1位移曲线········································································································16

15.2位移直流分量Xdc······························································································17

15.3最大线性位移X·······························································································17

d

15.4额定正弦位移X·······························································································18

s

16幅频响应··············································································································18

16.1额定频率范围··································································································18

16.2频率响应········································································································18

16.3指定频带内的平均声压级···················································································18

16.4有效频率范围··································································································19

17幅度非线性···········································································································19

17.1总谐波失真·····································································································19

17.2n次谐波失真···································································································20

17.3高次总谐波失真·······························································································20

17.4n次调制失真（n＝2或3）····················································································21

18听音试验··············································································································22

18.1正常工作的听音检验·························································································22

Ⅱ

GB/T44218—2024

18.2非常规失真的听音检验······················································································22

19输入电压或功率·····································································································22

19.1额定噪声电压或功率·························································································22

19.2短期最大输入电压或功率···················································································23

19.3长期最大输入电压或功率···················································································24

19.4额定正弦电压或功率·························································································24

20环境测试··············································································································25

20.1温度范围········································································································25

20.2湿度范围········································································································25

20.3低温贮存试验··································································································25

20.4低温寿命试验··································································································25

20.5高温贮存试验··································································································26

20.6高温寿命试验··································································································26

20.7高低温冲击试验·······························································································27

20.8恒定湿热试验··································································································27

21杂散磁场··············································································································28

21.1概述··············································································································28

21.2静态分量········································································································28

21.3动态分量········································································································29

22物理特性··············································································································29

22.1尺寸要求········································································································29

22.2质量··············································································································29

23设计数据··············································································································29

参考文献····················································································································31

图1标准微障板··········································································································4

图2标准微障板的分障板······························································································5

图3平面波管·············································································································5

图4微型扬声器的额定几何条件·····················································································6

图5微型扬声器的阻抗曲线·························································································14

图6峰值位移（peak/bottom）·························································································16

图7位移曲线···········································································································17

图8位移的直流分量··································································································17

图9测试设备方框图··································································································23

图10杂散磁场测量装置······························································································28

Ⅲ

GB/T44218—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

本文件修改采用IEC63034：2020《微型扬声器》。

本文件与IEC63034：2020的技术差异及其原因如下：

——增加了“范围”的有关内容（见第1章）；

——增加了缩略语“RMS”“DFT”“FFT”“THD”（见3.2）；

——用规范性引用的GB/T12060.1替换了IEC60268⁃1（见4.2、10.1、12.2、19.1.2、第9章~第21

章），以适应我国的技术条件；

——用规范性引用的GB/T12060.2替换了IEC60268⁃2（见10.1、11.5），以适应我国的技术条件；

——用规范性引用的GB/T3785.1替换了IEC60651（见11.5），IEC60651：1979已被IEC61672⁃

1：2002和IEC61672⁃2：2003代替，本文件的引用只涉及IEC61672⁃1。

本文件做了下列编辑性改动：

——为与现有标准协调，将标准名称改为《微型扬声器测量方法》；

——更改了“等效自由场条件”和“等效半自由场条件”中的表述方式（见5.4和5.5）；

——更改了“杂散磁场”中“概述”的表述方式（见21.1）。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中华人民共和国工业和信息化部提出。

本文件由全国音频、视频及多媒体系统与设备标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC242）归口。

本文件起草单位：南京大学、瑞声声学科技（深圳）有限公司、歌尔股份有限公司、南京琅声声学科

技有限公司、中国电子技术标准化研究院、江苏裕成电子有限公司、华为终端有限公司、北京小米移动

软件有限公司、荣耀终端有限公司、OPPO广东移动通信有限公司、维沃移动通信有限公司、中国计量

科学研究院、天津博顿电子有限公司、浙江旗声电子科技股份有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：沈勇、陈思妙、吴志江、杨鑫峰、王涵、董桂官、华克、提纯利、董永政、赵天宇、

张杨、周瑜、牛锋、黄杰、汤赟、韩海云、李栋、朱守经、张海宏、程心坤、冯雪磊、王富裕、张敬祥、张林峰。

Ⅴ

GB/T44218—2024

微型扬声器测量方法

1范围

本文件描述了微型扬声器的特性解释及使用稳态正弦信号、正弦扫频信号、多音或噪声信号时的

相关测量方法。主要特性包含但并不限于阻抗、位移、幅频响应、失真和额定功率等。

本文件适用于振动区域的最大尺寸小于40mm的微型扬声器单元和微型扬声器系统。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于

本文件。

GB/T3785.1电声学声级计第1部分：规范（GB/T3785.1—2023，IEC61672⁃1：2013，

IDT）

GB/T12060.1声系统设备第1部分：概述（GB/T12060.1—2017，IEC60268⁃1：1985，MOD）

GB/T12060.2声系统设备第2部分：一般术语解释和计算方法（GB/T12060.2—2011，

IEC60268⁃2：1987，IDT）

IEC60268⁃22：2020声系统设备第22部分：电学和力学测量（Soundsystemequipment—Part22：

Electricalandmechanicalmeasurementsontransducers）

IEC61260⁃1电声学倍频程和分数倍频程滤波器第1部分：规范（Electroacoustics—Octave⁃

bandandfractional⁃octave⁃bandfilters—Part1：Specifications）

3术语、定义和缩略语

ISO和IEC维护的用于标准化的术语数据库网址如下：

——IEC电子百科：https：//www.electropedia.org/；

——ISO在线浏览平台：https：//www.iso.org/obp。

3.1术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1.1

微型扬声器microspeaker

辐射元件（振膜或其他辐射体）的尺寸不大于40mm的扬声器。

注：“微型扬声器”一词不仅适用于微型扬声器单元（换能器），也适用于被动微型扬声器系统，其由一个或多个具有

声学结构（例如声腔、导管、孔隙）的换能器组成。

3.2缩略语

下列缩略语适用于本文件。

DFT：离散傅里叶变换（DiscreteFourierTransform）

1