DB43/T 1970-2020 摇蚊实验室饲养技术规程

ICS65.020

CCSB16

DB43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T1970—2020

摇蚊实验室饲养技术规程

GuidelineforLaboratoryfeedingtechnologyofChironomidae

2020-12-29发布2021-03-29实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T1970—2020

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4环境条件···············································································································1

5培养基··················································································································2

6饲养装置···············································································································2

7饲养方法···············································································································2

8饲养记录···············································································································3

附录A（资料性）ElendtM4培养基配方····································································4

附录B（资料性）水中饱和溶解氧计算方法····································································5

附录C（资料性）摇蚊发育不同时期的特征····································································7

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DB43/T1970—2020

II

DB43/T1970—2020

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020给出的规则起草。

本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利，本文件的起草和发布单位不承担相关责任。

本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。

本文件由湖南省农业标准化委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南省植物保护研究所，长沙艾格里生物科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：刘勇、陈昂、张德咏、张战泓、蒋桂芳、罗杰、罗香文、陈武瑛、熊浩。

III

DB43/T1970—2020

IV

DB43/T1970—2020

摇蚊实验室饲养技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了摇蚊实验室饲养及繁殖的环境条件、培养基、饲养装置、饲养方法等技术要求。

本文件适用于湖南省摇蚊的实验室饲养与繁殖。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

卵

摇蚊成虫产的受精卵。

3.2

卵块

摇蚊产出的卵团，由卵螺旋规则排列形成的胶质圆柱块体。

3.3

蛹

从幼虫变态发育成成虫的过渡形态的摇蚊。

3.4

成虫

完成变态发育、已羽化、性成熟的摇蚊。

4环境条件

4.1光照

光照/黑暗时间为14h/10h，光照强度800Lux-1300Lux。

4.2温度

摇蚊饲养与孵化的水温控制在20℃-25℃。

4.3湿度

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DB43/T1970—2020

湿度保持在60％以上。

5培养基

使用存放并曝气处理24h以上的曝气水或人工培养基（M4，配方见附录A），培养水pH值为6.5～

8.0，溶解氧含量不低于空气饱和值（附录B）的60％，水质硬度（以CaCO3计）范围为10mg/L～

250mg/L。

6饲养装置

6.1组成

摇蚊饲养装置由养虫笼、培养容器、喂食盘、照明系统、曝气系统组成。养虫室应密闭，避免外界

阳光、蚊虫、天敌进入，并配备加湿器、空调、温湿度计、照度计等。

6.2养虫笼

可拆式养虫笼，尺寸为50cm×50cm×50cm，铝合金管可拆卸框架，80目涤纶透明纱网笼子，一

面具拱形拉链门及袖筒式小门。

6.3培养容器

直径180mm的结晶皿，皿内平铺一层约3cm厚的粗石英砂（粒径5mm），加入培养水至结晶皿上

缘。结晶皿上应有标示卡，记录该摇蚊的中文名、拉丁名、卵产出的日期等信息。

6.4喂食盘

直径为90mm的培养皿，往培养皿中放置沾满蔗糖水的脱脂棉团，用于饲喂成虫。

6.5照明系统

由时控开关、灯管组构成，控制光暗周期及光照强度。

6.6充气系统

由超静气泵以及导管、一次性塑料滴管构成，能在饲养期间持续往培养水中温和曝气。

7饲养方法

7.1卵

用一次性塑料滴管吸取摇蚊卵或用镊子夹住卵块柄状端，转移至结晶皿中静置培养，受精卵即开始

发育。

7.2幼虫

7.2.1一般2天左右，受精卵就能发育成幼虫，但初孵化出的幼虫仍旧被卵块中的胶状物黏结成团，

需要一段时间，幼虫才能完全分散，自由游动、觅食。幼虫期需分三次投入鱼饲料粉末（如Tetramin），

投饵量为0.21mg/天/虫。饲喂量应严格监控，充分满足需求的同时亦不宜过多，以免污染水质，影

2

DB43/T1970—2020

响其生长。

7.2.2饲养期间，如果培养液浑浊，可以用虹吸法吸出浑浊的培养液，再加入新鲜的培养液。开始出

现摇蚊蛹时，就需要将结晶皿转移至养虫笼中。

7.3蛹

摇蚊蛹栖息在水层，蛹期不足1d即能羽化成成虫。摇蚊蛹期仍旧能够游动、取食，需每天投喂鱼

饲料粉末，投饵量为0.21mg/天/虫。

7.4成虫

7.4.1成虫期间，笼具中置一培养皿，培养皿中放入一团沾有2％蔗糖水的脱脂棉，供成虫取食。

7.4.2摇蚊成虫寿命约4天，多数在羽化后的第一天婚飞、交配。每天在笼具内放置装有新鲜培养水

的结晶皿供摇蚊产卵，即能获得摇蚊卵。获得后再转移培养，回至7.1再开始培养。

8饲养记录

饲养期间的环境条件记录、喂食量、产卵量、产出时间等数据需详细记录。

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DB43/T1970—2020

附录A

（资料性）