DB32/T 3637-2019 土地综合整治工程建设规范
DB32/T 3637-2019 Land Comprehensive Reclamation Engineering Construction Specification
基本信息
发布历史
-
2019年09月
文前页预览
研制信息
- 起草单位:
- 江苏省土地开发整理中心、河海大学
- 起草人:
- 李如海、朱成立、郝树荣、王永章、刘斌、施振斌、徐翠兰、黄强、王黎明、郜 莉、郭相平、隋雪艳、武茂勋、孙学智、翟亚明、王晓瑞、刘敏、赖明华、李丽、汪院生
- 出版信息:
- 页数:53页 | 字数:- | 开本: -
内容描述
ICS91.020
P85
备案号:DB32
江苏省地方标准
DB32/T3637—2019
土地综合整治工程建设规范
Constructionspecificationforcomprehensiveland
consolidationandrehabilitationproject
2019-09-19发布2019-10-31实施
江苏省市场监督管理局发布
DB32/T3637-2019
目次
前言······························································································································III
1范围·································································································································1
2规范性引用文件··················································································································1
3术语和定义························································································································2
4总则·································································································································3
4.1建设目标·····················································································································3
4.2建设原则·····················································································································3
5工程类型区、工程模式和工程体系·························································································4
5.1工程类型区··················································································································4
5.2工程模式·····················································································································4
5.3工程体系·····················································································································4
6土地平整与土地修复工程······································································································4
6.1一般规定·····················································································································4
6.2耕作田块修筑工程·········································································································5
6.3耕作层地力保持工程······································································································7
6.4土地修复工程···············································································································8
7灌溉与排水工程··················································································································8
7.1一般规定·····················································································································8
7.2水源工程···················································································································11
7.3输配水工程················································································································15
7.4喷微灌工程················································································································18
7.5排水工程···················································································································19
7.6渠系建筑物工程··········································································································22
7.7泵站及输配电工程·······································································································25
8田间道路工程···················································································································29
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8.1一般规定···················································································································29
8.2田间道······················································································································29
8.3生产路······················································································································30
9农田防护与生态整治工程····································································································30
9.1一般规定···················································································································30
9.2农田林网工程·············································································································31
9.3岸坡防护工程·············································································································32
9.4坡面防护工程·············································································································33
9.5农田面源污染防治工程·································································································34
9.6景观生态工程·············································································································35
附录A·······························································································································36
附录B·······························································································································38
附录C·······························································································································41
附录D·······························································································································45
参考文献······························································································································47
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前言
本标准按照GB/T1.1-2009给出的规则起草。
本标准附录A、附录B、附录C、附录D为资料性附录。
本标准由江苏省自然资源厅提出并归口。
本标准起草单位:江苏省土地开发整理中心、河海大学
本标准主要起草人:李如海、朱成立、郝树荣、王永章、刘斌、施振斌、徐翠兰、黄强、王黎明、郜
莉、郭相平、隋雪艳、武茂勋、孙学智、翟亚明、王晓瑞、刘敏、赖明华、李丽、汪院生
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土地综合整治工程建设规范
1范围
本标准规定了土地综合整治工程的总则、工程类型区、工程模式及工程体系,土地平整与土地修复工程、
灌溉与排水工程、田间道路工程和农田防护与生态整治工程的建设内容及要求。
本标准适用于江苏省范围内开展的土地综合整治项目。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡
是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB5084农田灌溉水质标准
GB5768道路交通标志和标线
GB15618土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)
GB/T20203管道输水灌溉工程技术规范
GB/T21303灌溉渠道系统量水规范
GB50052供配电系统设计规范
GB/T50085喷灌工程技术规范
GB50265泵站设计规范
GB50288灌溉与排水工程设计标准
GB/T50363节水灌溉工程技术标准
GB/T50485微灌工程技术规范
GB/T50600渠道防渗工程技术规范
GB/T50625机井技术规范
JTGD50公路沥青路面设计规范
JTGD60公路桥涵设计通用规范
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NY525有机肥料
NY/T2148高标准农田建设标准
TD/T1043暗管改良盐碱地技术规程
3术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
土地综合整治项目comprehensivelandconsolidationandrehabilitationproject
为满足人类生产、生活和生态功能需要,依据土地综合整治规划及相关规划,在一定区域范围、一定时
间内,通过综合运用相关政策,采取先进工程技术,调整土地利用结构,优化土地空间布局,保障土地可持
续利用,实现粮食安全、现代农业、精准扶贫、生态修复等综合效应的治理活动,具有内容丰富、模式多样、
目标多元、手段综合等特点,是推进乡村振兴和城市更新,实现城乡综合发展的重要平台。
3.2
工程类型区projecttypearea
体现土地综合整治地域差异和工程组合特征基本一致的单元。
3.3
工程模式projectmode
实施土地综合整治而确立的各项工程组合方案和样式。
3.4
工程体系projectsystem
按照土地综合整治工程类型和特征以及内部联系组合而成的结构整体。
3.5
土地平整工程landlevelingproject
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为满足农田耕作、灌溉与排水需要而采取的田块修筑和地力保持措施,包括耕作田块修筑工程和耕作层
地力保持工程。
3.6
耕作层地力保持工程plowlayersoilfertilitymaintenanceproject
为充分保护及利用原有耕地的熟化土层和建设新增耕地的宜耕土层而采取的各种措施。
3.7
土地修复工程landrehabilitationproject
对污染土地、退化土地采取的综合整治措施,改变土地不良性状、恢复和提高土地生产能力活动的总称。
4总则
4.1建设目标
依据江苏省自然条件、社会经济条件、土地利用条件及农业生产布局状况,通过对田、水、路、林、村
综合整治,优化土地利用结构与布局,全面提升耕地质量和农业综合生产能力,改善农业生产条件、农民生
活条件、农村生态环境和景观风貌,促进三生空间融合,加强土地资源高效、可持续利用,推动生态文明建
设、乡村转型和乡村振兴。
4.2建设原则
4.2.1合规性原则。符合土地利用总体规划、土地整治规划、基本农田保护规划、生态保护红线规划,并
与相关规划相衔接。不涉及自然保护区、风景名胜区、文化遗产保护区、湿地保护区、退耕还林区、坡度大
于25º山地、河湖水域及管理范围、缓冲区等生态环境敏感区域,不在洪水淹没区、蓄滞洪区范围,不影响
河湖行水、蓄水和水利工程安全。
4.2.2因地制宜原则。充分考虑江苏省生产建设实践和推进技术进步的需要,结合江苏省不同地区自然资
源特点、社会经济发展水平、土地利用状况和农业基础设施条件,科学合理确定工程模式、建设标准和建设
内容。
4.2.3以人为本原则。土地综合整治工程建设由政府主导开展,应尊重当地民众意愿和传统习惯,维护土
地权利人合法权益,依法保障民众的知情权、参与权和监督受益权,切实提高项目区群众的获得感。
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4.2.4生态优先原则。土地综合整治工程应注重生态环境建设与保护,发挥生产、生态、景观的综合功能,
保护生物多样性。注重农村自然环境、文化古迹和人文景观保护,体现地方特色,改善农村人居环境。
4.2.5技术先进和实用原则。土地综合整治工程建设应符合国家、行业、地方现行有关标准和技术规范,
工程建设应推广使用新技术、新工艺和新材料。同时工程建设宜就地取材,安全实用。
5工程类型区、工程模式和工程体系
5.1工程类型区
全省共划分9个工程类型区,包括黄泛平原工程类型区、冲积缓斜平原工程类型区、低山丘陵工程类型
区、盐化平原工程类型区、脱盐平原工程类型区、高沙平原工程类型区、沿江平原工程类型区、河谷冲积平
原工程类型区、水网圩田平原工程类型区。工程类型区的区域位置、地貌类型及土壤类型等详见附录A。
5.2工程模式
本标准构建的9个工程类型区,对应9个土地综合整治工程模式,每个工程模式的基础条件和工程特征
见附录B,每个工程模式的土地利用限制性条件、土地综合整治的重点和目标及关键指标等工程组合特征详
见附录C。
5.3工程体系
土地综合整治工程体系划分为4个一级工程,16个二级工程,44个三级工程。工程体系构成详见附录
D。
6土地平整与土地修复工程
6.1一般规定
6.1.1耕作田块布置应符合下列规定:
a)平原地区宜修建条田;丘陵地区坡度在1°~25°的坡地宜修建梯田;盐化平原工程类型区和水网圩
田平原工程类型区宜修筑台田。
b)耕作田块布局应与沟渠、道路、林网布局相协调,与农业生产要求相适应,丘陵区应满足水土保
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持的要求。
c)耕作田块建设应尽量保持原有土地所有权的完整性,减少不必要的土地权属争议和权属调整量;
应有利于土地流转、集中经营、规模化耕种。
d)耕作田块形状应力求规整,便于机械化作业,形状宜为长方形,长宽比不宜小于4:1。
e)同一耕作田块内土壤质地、坡向和坡位宜一致,耕作田块高程应依沟渠的走势从高到低变化,相
邻田块之间的高差应尽可能小。
6.1.2土地平整单元。平原地区,在不影响沟渠布局条件下,应以一块条田或条田内部的格田、畦田为平
整单元;丘陵地区,应以一块梯田为平整单元。
6.1.3田面平整度。格田内田块允许高差±3cm;畦田内田块允许高差±5cm;采用喷微灌田面高差不宜大于
15cm。
6.1.4田面坡度。格田一般不应有纵向和横向坡度;畦田纵坡方向应与水流方向一致,田面坡度宜为1/800~
1/500(沙壤土取大值,粘性土壤取小值),田面不宜有横向坡度。
6.2耕作田块修筑工程
6.2.1条田
6.2.1.1条田方向。条田宜为南北向或接近南北向布置;沿海平原有风害地区,条田方向应与主害风向垂
直或与主害风向垂直线的交角小于45°。
6.2.1.2条田长度。条田长度应满足提高农业机械效率、节省土地平整工程量和灌水均匀的要求,同时与
沟、渠、路的布局相协调。盐化平原区和水网圩田平原区条田长度宜为100m~500m,其他平原区条田长度
宜为300m~800m。
6.2.1.3条田宽度。条田宽度应与农沟间距及沟渠布置形式相一致,还应满足农业机械作业要求。不同工
程类型区适宜的条田宽度见表1。
表1不同工程类型区适宜条田宽度单位为米
工程类型区农沟间距沟渠布置型式条田宽度
灌排相间80~100
黄泛平原工程类型区160~200
灌排相邻160~200
冲积缓斜平原工程类型区80~120灌排相邻80~120
盐化平原工程类型区60~100灌排相间30~50
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灌排相间40~60
脱盐平原工程类型区80~120
灌排相邻80~120
灌排相间60~80
高沙平原工程类型区120~160
灌排相邻120~160
灌排相间40~60
沿江平原工程类型区80~120
灌排相邻80~120
灌排相间40~60
河谷冲积平原工程类型区80~120
灌排相邻80~120
水网圩田平原工程类型区60~120灌排相间30~60
6.2.1.4田面高程。田面高程宜为条田范围内原地面平均高程。对地势低洼、地下水位较高、有盐渍化威
胁的地区,应使田面高程大于E0+d(E0为常年地下水位,d为设计排渍深度)。
6.2.1.5格田或畦田。格田和畦田规格要求如下:
a)灌溉水田应用田埂将条田划分成格田,格田长度应视条田宽度而定,一般宜为30m~100m,宽度
宜为20m~40m,格田规模宜为0.2hm2,田埂高度宜为30cm~40cm,埂顶宽宜为20cm~30cm,田
埂应用土修筑,土料宜就近从田间采取。
b)旱作区应用田埂将条田划分成畦田,畦田长度宜为30m~60m,宽度宜为3m~4m,田埂高度宜为
20cm~30cm,埂顶宽宜为10cm~20cm。
6.2.2梯田
6.2.2.1梯田类型。低山丘陵工程类型区宜修建水平土坎梯田,局部地区如确实因田坎稳定性要求可就地
取材,修建水平石坎梯田。
6.2.2.2梯田布局。应以沟渠、道路为骨架划分耕作区,耕作区形状宜为矩形、正方形或扇形。梯田长边
应平行于等高线,田块布局宜顺山坡地形,大弯就势,小弯取直。
6.2.2.3田面宽度。田面宽度应与地形坡度、土质和土层厚度等条件相适应,适宜梯田田面宽度见表2。
表2不同地形坡度水平梯田适宜田面宽度
地形坡度田面净宽田坎高度田坎坡度
°mm°
1~510~150.5~1.285~80
5~108~100.7~1.880~75
10~157~81.2~2.275~70
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15~206~71.6~2.670~65
20~255~61.8~2.865~60
注:表中田面净宽与田坎坡度适用于土层较厚地区和土质田坎,土层较薄地区田面净宽应根据土层厚度适当减小。对石
质田坎的坡度,应结合石坎梯田的施工要求确定。
6.2.2.4田面长度。田面长度主要根据地形地貌条件确定,兼顾机械耕作的要求,田面长度宜为100m~200m。
6.2.2.5梯田田坎。田坎高度和田坎侧坡应与地形坡度、降雨量、降雨强度和土质条件相适应,田坎高度
应与田面宽度相对应,田坎高度和田坎坡度见表2。梯田外侧应修蓄水埂,蓄水埂高度宜为10cm~20cm,顶
宽宜为30cm~40cm,蓄水埂宜用土修筑。
6.2.3其他田块
盐化平原工程类型区和水网圩田平原工程类型区宜修筑台田。台田长度为150m~200m,宽度为50m~
100m。台田内部的格田修筑要求与条田内部修筑工程一致。黏质土台田边坡坡度为1:1.2~1:1.5,沙质土台
田边坡坡度为1:2~1:3。地势起伏较大的岗洼地,可参照梯田布置。对田块面积较小的塝田、冲田,可参照
条田或格田布置。
6.3耕作层地力保持工程
6.3.1耕作层厚度。水田应保证15cm~20cm的耕作层,如果下层有砾石或泥炭层,耕作层宜为20cm~25cm。
水浇地和旱地应保证20cm~25cm的表土层,如果平整覆土前土壤粗砂、砾石含量较高,土体含有障碍层,
表土层宜为25cm~30cm。
6.3.2客土回填。项目区土壤厚度和质量不能满足作物生长要求时,应进行客土回填,保证土地平整后有
效土层厚度不低于50cm。客土土源宜就近取土,客土应质地良好,保水保肥;客土土壤环境质量应符合GB
15618的规定。
6.3.3土地翻耕。平整田块应进行翻耕,应清除田面50cm深以内土层中的块石及建筑物垃圾,翻耕后耕作
层土壤无碎屑物。
6.3.4表土保护。土地平整中应尽量避免或减少对耕作层的破坏。土地平整的动土范围较大或土地平整单
元内高差大于30cm,应进行耕作层土壤剥离,剥离厚度不宜超过25cm。表土剥离后应合理设置堆放地点,
土堆宜为方形或圆锥形,堆放高度小于4m,最大坡度不应超过1:2,应覆盖保护,四周布设临时排水沟。土
地平整完成后将耕作层土壤回填再利用。
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6.4土地修复工程
6.4.1土壤改良
6.4.1.1土壤培肥应符合NY/T2148的规定。
6.4.1.2过沙或过粘的土壤,应通过掺粘或掺沙等措施,改良土壤质地,使其符合耕种要求。
6.4.1.3酸化土壤,应根据土壤酸化程度,通过施用生石灰、土壤调理剂或减少酸性肥料使用等措施,使
土壤pH值不低于5.5;盐碱土壤,通过工程排盐和生物、化学措施,使土壤pH值不高于8.5,含盐量不高于3g/kg。
6.4.1.4瘠薄土壤,宜采用深耕深松、轮作休耕、测土配方施肥、种植绿肥翻压还田、增施有机肥(商
用有机肥应符合NY525的规定)、秸秆还田、水肥一体化等工程、农艺和生物措施,使土壤有机质含量不低
于10g/kg。
6.4.2土壤修复
污染土壤应通过工程、生物、化学、生态等方法进行修复,修复后土壤作为耕地使用的应符合GB15618
的规定。
6.4.3土壤重构
因生产建设活动损毁的土地,复垦为耕地、园地和林地的,应进行土壤重构,应用工程、物理、化学、
生物、生态措施,重新构造一个适宜的土壤剖面,在较短时间内恢复和提高重构土壤的生产力,并改善重构
土壤的环境质量。土壤环境质量标准应符合GB15618中耕地、园地和林地的土壤污染物含量限制要求。
7灌溉与排水工程
7.1一般规定
7.1.1灌排工程布局
7.1.1.1灌溉与排水工程应遵循水土资源合理利用的原则,根据旱、涝、渍和盐碱综合治理的要求,结合
田、水、路、林、村进行统一布局。
7.1.1.2灌排工程规划应充分保护河沟的自然性,并与水景观、水文化、水生态等相协调,体现乡土特色。
7.1.1.3低山丘陵工程类型区,应遵循高水高用、低水低用的原则,发展长藤结瓜式灌溉系统。
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7.1.1.4水网圩田平原工程类型区,应坚持“分片排涝、等高截流”、“内外分开、高低分开”、“留湖蓄涝、
排蓄结合”、“力争自排、辅以抽排”、“以排为主、排灌兼顾”、“田间灌排分开、骨干灌排兼顾”的原则,制
定洪涝渍兼治的排水规划。
7.1.1.5沿江平原工程类型区,应坚持蓄泄兼筹,正确处理排蓄关系。应充分利用河沟、水库,适时适量
拦蓄径流,并注重疏浚整治河沟。
7.1.1.6黄泛平原工程类型区和高沙平原工程类型区,应采取生物和工程措施进行沟渠的边坡防护。
7.1.1.7盐化平原工程类型区和脱盐平原工程类型区,水资源丰富、土壤含盐量较高地区,应修建引水渠、
抽水站等,引水灌田、冲洗压盐;土壤渗透性较小的地区,可在条田内增设较浅的排水毛沟或埋设排水暗管,
也可采用深浅沟结合的田间排水系统;土壤含盐量较低区域,应合理用水,并修建完整的排水系统,控制地
下水位,防止返盐。
7.1.2工程级别
7.1.2.1土地综合整治工程中的蓄水工程指蓄水量在10×104m3以下的塘坝和蓄水池。
7.1.2.2引水建筑物以引水流量的大小确定级别,分级指标见表3;泵站的分级指标见表4。
表3引水建筑物工程级别单位为立方米每秒
工程级别C1C2C3C4C5
引水流量≥55~33~22~1<1
表4泵站工程级别单位为立方米每秒
工程级别C1C2C3C4C5
灌溉泵站流量≥55~33~22~1<1
排涝泵站流量≥1010~77~44~2<2
7.1.2.3灌排渠沟及渠系建筑物的级别见表5。灌排结合工程,当灌溉和排水流量分属两个不同工程级别时,
应按较高级别确定;渠系建筑物的级别不应低于其所在渠道、沟道、堤防和道路的工程级别。
表5灌排渠沟及渠系建筑物工程级别单位为立方米每秒
工程级别C1C2C3C4C5
灌溉流量≥55~33~22~1<1
排水流量≥1010~77~44~2<2
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7.1.3灌溉要求
7.1.3.1灌溉设计保证率按下列要求确定:
a)不同工程类型区灌溉设计保证率见表6。
b)管道输水灌溉不应低于80%。
c)微灌区不应低于90%。
d)以地下水为水源的喷灌区不应低于90%,其他情况下喷灌区不应低于85%。
7.1.3.2渠系水利用系数、田间水利用系数和灌溉水利用系数应符合GB/T50363的规定。
表6不同工程类型区灌溉设计保证率单位为百分号
工程类型区灌溉设计保证率
黄泛平原工程类型区75~85
冲积缓斜平原工程类型区80~90
徐西北地区70~80
低山丘陵工程类型区
宁镇扬地区75~85
盐化平原工程类型区80~90
脱盐平原工程类型区85~95
高沙平原工程类型区80~90
沿江平原工程类型区85~95
河谷冲积平原工程类型区80~90
水网圩田平原工程类型区90~95
注1:旱作区取较小值,水田区取较大值。
注2:作物经济价值较高的地区宜取较大值,作物经济价值不高的地区宜取较小值。
7.1.4排水要求
7.1.4.1排涝要求。水网圩田平原工程类型区(环太湖地区)、高沙平原工程类型区和沿江平原工程类型区
应达到设计暴雨重现期20a的要求,其他工程类型区达到设计暴雨重现期10a的要求。设计暴雨历时和排除时
间应根据排涝面积、植被条件、暴雨量和河网湖泊调蓄情况等条件确定。旱作区采用1d暴雨从作物受淹起1d
排至田面无积水,水稻区采用1d暴雨2d排至耐淹水深,经济作物区采用24h暴雨从作物受淹起24h排至田面无
积水。
7.1.4.2排渍要求。排渍应满足以下要求:
a)旱作区农作物生长期地下水位应以设计排渍深度作为控制要求,但在设计暴雨形成的地面水排除
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后,应在旱作物耐渍时间内将地下水位降至耐渍深度。
b)旱田设计排渍深度可取0.8m~1.3m,水稻田设计排渍深度可取0.4m~0.6m。
c)农业机械作业地区,设计排渍深度宜采用0.6m~0.8m。
d)旱作物耐渍深度可取0.3m~0.6m,耐渍时间可取3d~4d。
7.1.4.3防盐治碱要求。改良盐碱土或防治土壤次生盐碱化地区,排水要求除应执行本标准第7.1.4.1、7.1.4.2
条规定外,还应在返盐季节前将地下水位控制在地下水临界深度以下,地下水临界深度宜按GB50288规定
执行。
7.1.5防洪要求
土地综合整治项目建(构)筑物防洪要求必须符合表7的规定。堤防上的建(构)筑物防洪要求不应低
于堤防的防洪要求。
表7建(构)筑物防洪要求
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