GB/T 7027-2002 信息分类和编码的基本原则与方法

ICS01120

A00噶日

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T7027-2002

代替GB/T7027-1986

信息分类和编码的基本原则与方法

Basicprinciplesandmethodsforinformation

classifyingandcoding

2002一07门8发布2002一12一01实施

中华人民共和国发布

国家质量监督检验检疫总局

GB/T7027-2002

目次

前言····························································。·····················································……1

引言·······························。··················································································……N

1范围·..············································································································……1

2规范性引用文件··················································································.·············……1

3术语和定义··············································。·······················································……1

4信息的分类与编码·····························································································……1

4.1信息分类······································································。·······························……1

4.2信息编码······································································································……1

5信息分类的基本原则·············。·······································。····································……2

5.1科学性····························，····················。·······················································……2

5.2系统性·········································································································……2

5.3可扩延性······························，·······································，························。······……2

5.4兼容性·····························································。···········································……2

5.5综合实用性······················。············································································……2

6信息分类的基本方法·············。············································································……2

6.1概述············································································································……2

6.2线分类法，··，·、····、、·、·······、····、‘··‘········································一·2

63面分类法······································································································……3

6.4混合分类法··················································································。··············.·……3

7信息编码的基本原则···········。·····································。·······································…·…3

7.1唯一性················。························································································……3

7.2合理性·······················。·。···············································································……3

7.3可扩充性······································································································……3

7.4简明性·········································································································……3

7.5适用性·········································································································……3

7.6规范性·······。·································································································……3

8信息编码的基本方法··························································································……4

8.1通则············································································································……4

8.2代码类型····。·································································································……4

8.3代码特征·····································································································……7

8.4代码表现形式································································································……8

8.5代码设计······································································································……10

8.6代码赋值约定································································································……n

附录A(资料性附录)各种信息分类编码方法的优缺点················································……12

A.1信息分类方法优缺点··················································································.·……12

A.2各种类型代码编码方法优缺点·····················································……12

GB/r'7027-2002

前言

本标准是对GB/T7027-1986《标准化工作导则信息分类编码的基本原则和方法》的修订。在信

息编码部分内容上，本标准参考了国际技术报告ISO/IECTR9789:1994(E)信《息技术—数据交换

用数据元素组织与表示指南—编码方法与原理》，采纳了其中比较成熟的相关技术内容。

本标准代替GB/T7027-1986《标准化工作导则信息分类编码的基本原则和方法》同

GB/T7027-1986相比，本次修订所作的主要修改是:

修改了标准的名称。标准名称改为《信息分类和编码的基本原则与方法》。

标准的总体编排和结构按GB/T1.1-200。进行了修改，增加了目次、前言、引言和附录Ao

一对原标准的内容进行r相应的增删增补的内容包括:第2章“规范性引用文件”、第3章“术语

和定义”和第4章“信息的分类与编码”概述删除的内容是原标准的第2.4条“代码的校验”的有关

算法。

一一对原标准的结构进行了调整:原标准的第1.1条“信息分类的基本原则”调整为第5章，原标准

的第1.2条“信息分类的基本方法”调整为第6章，原标准的第2.2条“编码的基本原则”调整为第7章，

原标准的第2.3条“代码的种类”和第2.5条代“码的类型”与ISO/IECTR9789的相关技术内容经过

整理共同构成第8章“信息编码的基本方法”，原标准中分散叙述的各个信息分类和编码力法的优缺点

集中汇总调整为“附录A各种信息分类编码方法的优缺点”。

一对原标准中的代码名称进行了若干项调整:原标准中的“特征组合码”对应于本标准的“并置

码”，原标准中的“复合码”对应于木标准的“组合码”，原标准中的“数值化字母顺序码”被本标准的“约定

顺序码”所涵盖

在信息分类编码标准化领域，本标准应与GB/丁20001.3-2001《标准编写规则第3部分:信息分

类编码》和GB/T10113《分类编码通用术语》两项标准配套应用。

本标准的附录A是资料性附录。

本标准由中国标准研究中心提出并归口

本标准主要起草单位:中国标准研究中心。

本标准主要起草人李小林、冯卫、胡嘉璋。

GB/T7027于1986年11月首次发布，本次修订为第一次修订。

Gs/T7027-2002

引言

在通常情况下，人们对信息的理解是:一切有含义的具体或抽象事物或概念的真相及相关陈述，通

过数据、消息及其进一步细节表达出来。

在信息分类编码领域，信息的表现形式是数据。

客观、明确的信息是计算机建立信息系统以及数据在其中进行交换的先决条件。

在信息系统中，数据是用字符(通常为数字或字母)、算术符号以及描述来表示，这些表示形式应该

对其所涉及的每一个数据都有一个明确稳定的含义，从而达到处理与交流的目的。

信息要被不同用户组或应用系统所共享，就必须有一致认可的定义，举例来说，要有概念的语义含

义(内涵)、概念的全部实例(外延)以及一致认可的表示法。

对各类信息概念的正确理解需要依赖于信息分类;对各类信息作出一致认可的表示需要依赖于信

息编码。

GB/'r7027-2002

信息分类和编码的基本原则与方法

范围

本标准规定了信息分类编码的基本原则和方法，适用于各类信息分类编码标准的编制

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的

修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是

否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB/T1988-1998信息技术信息交换用七位编码字符集(eqvISO/IEC646:1991)

GB2312-198。信息交换用汉字编码字符集基本集

GB/T2260-2002中华人民共和国行政区划代码

GB/T2659-2000世界各国和地区名称代码(eqvISO3166-1:1997)

GB/T4657-2002中央党政机关、人民团体及其他机构代码

GB/T7408-1994数据元和交换格式信息交换日期和时间表示法(eqvISO8601:1988)

GB/T10113分类编码通用术语

GB11643--1999公民身份号码

GB/T13745-1992学科分类与代码

GB/T14721.1-1993林业资源分类与代码森林类型

GB/T14805-1993用于行政、商业和运输业电子数据交换的应用级语法规则(idtISO9735:

1988)

GB/T17710-1999数据处理校验码系统(idtISO7064:1983)

3术语和定义

GB/T10113中确立的术语适用于本标准。

4信息的分类与编码

4门信息分类

信息分类是根据信息内容的属性或特征，将信息按一定的原则和方法进行区分和归类，并建立起一

定的分类体系和排列顺序。

信息分类有两个要素:一是分类对象，二是分类的依据。分类对象由若干个被分类的实体组成。分

类依据取决于分类对象的属性或特征。

信息内容属性的相同或相异，形成了各种不同的类。在信息分类体系中，类可称为类目。

4.2信息编码

信息编码是将事物或概念(编码对象)赋予具有一定规律、易于计算机和人识别处理的符号，形成代

码元素集合。